Mikko's Phylogeny Archive

Squalea – cat sharks and rays

After Mould, 1995-1997, Shirai, 1996 and Williams, G. S., 1999-2000

Alternative phylogeny of Squalea after de Carvalho, 1996

Family-level taxonomy of all squaleans

<==o Squalea Shirai, 1992
   |--o Chlamydoselachiformes [Chlamydoselachoidei]
   |  `--o Chlamydoselachidae Garman, 1884
   |     |?- †Thrinax baumgartneri Pfeil, 1983; U. Cret. NA. [jr. synon. Chlamydoselachus fiedleri?] [non Thrinax Linnaeus filius ex Swartz (Arecales: Arecaceae), a genus of palmtrees]
   |     `--o Chlamydoselache Garman, 1884 [incl.? Thrinax]; U. Cret. Ant. SAf. Eoc. Eu. Mioc. Eu. NA. WInd. Plioc. Eu. R. NAtl. NPac. (kaulushait)
   |        |-- †C. brancheri
   |        |-- †C. fiedleri
   |        |-- †C. goliath
   |        |-- †C. gracilis
   |        |-- †C. keyesi
   |        |-- †C. lawleyi
   |        |-- †C. thomsoni
   |        |-- †C. tobleri
   |        |-- †C. thomsoni Richter & Ward, 1990
   |        |-- C. anguineus Garman, 1884 (Frilled shark; kaulushai)
   |        `-- C. africana Ebert & Compagno, 2009 (Southern African frilled shark; kapinkaulushai)
   `--+--o Hexancanthiformes Buen, 1926 [Notidanoidei, Hexanchoidei]
      |  `-- Hexanchidae Gray, 1851 [incl. Notorynchidae, Notidanidae] (monikidushait) [3/5]
      `--o “Squalimorpha” [paraphyletic Squaliformes] (piikkihait)
         |?- †Oligodalatias jordani Welton, 1979 Eoc. Ant.
         |?- †Palaeomicroides ursulae Thies & Müller, 1993 U. Cret. CEu.
         |?- †Protoxynotus misburgensis Herman, 1975 U. Cret. Eu.
         |?- †Proetmopterus hemmooriensis Herman, 1982 U. Cret. NEu.
         |?- †Squalogaleus woodwardi Maisey, 1976 U. Jur. Eu.
         |-- †Synechodontiformes Duffin & Ward, 1993 sensu Underwood, 2002 and Williams, G. S., 1999-2000
         |-- Echinorhinidae Gill, 1862 [Echinorhiniformes] (okahait; bramble sharks)
         `--+-- Dalatiidae [Delatiiformes] (torkkuhait)
            |-- Centrophoridae (gulper sharks) [2/13] [jr synon. to Squalidae?]
            `--+-- Squalidae (piikkihait, dogfish sharks) [3/10]
               `--o Hypnosqualea Carvalho & Maisey, 1996 [Squatinomorphii]
                  |--o †Protospinacidae Woodward, 1919 sensu Underwood, 2002 [has been inclueded to Synechodontiforms by Williams, G. S. (1999-2000)]
                  |  `--o †Protospinax Woodward, 1919 [Squalogaleus Maisey, 1976, juvelines] U. Jur. Eu.
                  |     |-- †P. annectans Woodward, 1919, U. Jur. CEu. [type]
                  |     |-- †P. lochensteinensis Thies, 1983, U. Jur. CEu.
                  |     |-- †P. sp. [U. Jur. CEu.] [Thies, 1983]
                  |     `-- †P. planus Underwood, 2002, U. Jur. WEu.
                  |-- Squatinidae Bonaparte, 1838 [Rhinidae] [Squatiniformes Buen, 1926:] (angel sharks; merienkelit)
                  `--+-- Pristiophoridae Blecker, 1859 [Pristiophoriformes Berg, 1958] (sahahait: saw sharks)
                     `-- Badidoidimorpha [“Rajimorpha”, Hypotremata, Batoidea, Batomorphii Cappetta, 1980] (rauskut; rays)

<==o Squalea
   |--o Chlamydoselachiformes
   |  `--o Chlamydoselachidae
   |     |?- †Thrinax
   |     `-- Chlamydoselache
   `--+--o Hexancanthiformes Buen, 1926 [Notidanoidei; Hexanchoidei]
      |  `-- Hexanchidae
      `--o “Squalimorpha”
         |?- †Oligodalatias
         |?- †Palaeomicroides
         |?- †Protoxynotus
         |?- †Proetmopterus
         |?- †Squalogaleus
         |?- †Synechodontiformes
         |--o Echinorhiniformes
         |  `-- Echinorhinidae
         `--+-- Squaliformes
            `--o Hypnosqualea Shirai, 1996 [Squatinomorphii]
               |--o Squatiniformes
               |  `-- Squatinidae
               `--+--o Pristiophoriformes
                  |  `-- Pristiophoridae
                  `-- Badidoidimorpha

Reference(s):

• Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
  –W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698.
• Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
  in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
  –W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698.
• de Carvalho, M. R., 1996: Higher-level elasmobranch phylogeny, basal squaleans, and paraphyly. 35-62
  in Stiassny, M. L. J., Parenti, L. R. & Johnson, G. D., (eds.) 1996: Interrelationships of Fishes.
  –Academic Press, San Diego, California, xiii-496
• Frickhinger, K. A., 1995: Fossil Atlas – Fishes.
  –Mergus – Publishers for Natural History and Pet Books, Hans A. Baensch, Malle, Germany, 1-1088.
• Long, J. A., 1995: The Rise of Fishes: 500 million years of evolution.
  –Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore & London, pp. 1-223
• Mould, B., 1995-1997: The nomenclature and distribution of the recent Elasmobranchii.
  –iNet: http://ibis.nott.ac.uk/elasmobranch.html
• Nelson, J. S., 1994: Fishes of the world.
  –John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, 1994, xx-600
• Shirai, S., 1996: Phylogenetic interrelationsips of neoselachians (Chondrichthyes: Euselachii). 9-36
  in Stiassny, M. L. J., Parenti, L. R. & Johnson, G. D., (eds.) 1996: Interrelationships of Fishes.
  –Academic Press, San Diego, California, xiii-496
• Underwood, C. J., 2002: Sharks, Rays and a Chimaeroid from the Kimmeridgian (Late Jurassic) of Ringstead, Southern England.
  –Palaeontology: Vol. 45, #2, pp. 297-325
• Williams, G. S., 1999: A Listing of Fossil Sharks and Rays of the World.
  –iNet: Gainesville's Creek Fossils: http://www.afn.org/~afn02877/eusel.html