After Marsh, 1880, Feduccia, 1996, Tokaryk, Cumbaa & Storer, 1997, and Galton & Martin, 2002
<==o Hesperornithiformes Fürbringer, 1888 [Odontornithes Marsh, 1880, Odontognathe Stejneger, 1885 ] |?- †Potamornis skutchi Elzanowski, Paul & Stidham, 2000 |?-o †Enaliornis Seeley, 1876 [Pelagornis Seeley, 1866 non Pelagornis Lartet, 1857 (Pelicaniformes: Osteodontornithes: Pelagornithidae) (nomen nudum)] [Enaliornithidae] | |-- †E. barretti Seeley, 1876 | `-- †E. sedgwicki Seeley, 1876 `--+--o †Pasquiaornis Tokaryk, Cumbaa & Storer, 1997 [paraphyletic Baptornithidae American Ornithologist's Union, 1910] | |-- †P. hardiei Tokaryk, Cumbaa & Storer, 1997 | `-- †P. tankei Tokaryk, Cumbaa & Storer, 1997 `--+?- †Judinornis nogontsavensis Nesov & Borkin, 1983 [paraphyletic Baptornithidae American Ornithologist's Union, 1910] |-- †Baptornis advenus Marsh, 1877 [paraphyletic Baptornithidae American Ornithologist's Union, 1910] `--o †Hesperornithidae Marsh, 1880 |?- †Coniornis altus Marsh, 1893 [possibly synon. to Hesperornis] |-- †Canadaga arctica Hou, 1999 |-- †Asiahesperornis bazhanovi Nesov & Prizemlin, 1991 [Asiahesperornithinae Nesov & Prizemlin, 1991] |-- †Parascaniornis stenisoei Lambrecht, 1933 [also classified as Charadriomorphae: Scaniornithidae] |-- †Hesperornithidae genera et species indet. [Central Asia] |-- †Parahesperornis alexi Martin, 1980 [Hesperornis gracilis] `--o †Hesperornis Marsh, 1872 [Lestornis Marsh, 1876; Hargeria Lucas, 1903] |-- †H. sp. [Nesov & Yarkov, 1993] [Central Asia, is NOT same as Hesperornithidae genera et species indet.] |-- †H. regalis Marsh, 1872 `-- †H. rossicus Nesov & Yarkov, 1993
Reference(s):
- Creisler, B. & Poling, J., 2002-: Aves Translation and Pronunciation Guide.
–iNet: www.dinosauria.com: http://www.dinosauria.com/dml/names/aves.htm - Elzanowski, A. & Galton, P. M., 1991: Braincase of Enaliornis, an Early Cretaceous bird from England.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 1991, #1, pp. 90-107 - Elzanowski, A., Paul, G. S. & Stidham, T. A., 2000: An avian quadrate from the Late Cretaceous Lance Formation of Wyoming.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 20, #4, pp. 712-719 - Feduccia, A., 1996: The origin and evolution of birds.
–Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 1996, xii-420 - Galton, P. M. & Martin, L. D., 2002: Enaliornis, an Early Cretaceous Hesperornithiform Bird from England, with Comments on Other Hesperornithiformes. 317-338.
in Chiappe, L. M. & Witmer, L. M., (eds.), 2002: Mesozoic Birds – Above the Heads of Dinosaurs.
–University of California Press, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London, 2002, xii-520 - Kurochkin, E. N., 2000: Mesozoic birds of Mongolia and the former USSR. 533-559
in Benton, M. J., Shishkin, M. A., Unvin, D. M. & Kurochkin, E. N., (eds.) 2000: The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia.
–Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000, xxxix-696 - Marsh, O. C., 1872: Discovery of a Remarkable Fossil Bird.
–American Journal of Science, Series 3: Vol. 3, #13, pp. 56-57 - Marsh, O. C., 1880: Odontornithes: A monograph on the extinct toothed birds of North America.
–Report of the U.S. Geological Exploration of the Fortieth Parallel: No. 7, Washington D.C. - Martin, L. D. & Tate, J. Jr., 1976: The skeleton of Baptornis advenus (Aves: Hesperornithiformes). 35-66
in Olson, S. L. (ed.), 1976: Collected papers in avian phylogeny honoring the 90th birthday of Alaxander Wetmore.
–Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology: #27, xxvi-211 - Tokaryk, T. T., Cumbaa, S. L. & Storer, J. E., 1997: Early Late Cretaceous birds from the Saskatchewan, Canada: The Oldest diverse avifauna known from North America.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 17, #1, pp. 172-176 - Tyrberg, T., 2001: Personal correspondence.