After Nesbitt, Ksepka & Clarke, 2011, Olson, 1985, Feduccia, 1996, Sibley & Monroe, 1990, Livezey & Zusi, 2001, Mayr, 2004, 2005, and Sangster, 2005
<==o Strisores Baird, 1858 sensu Nesbitt, Ksepka & Clarke, 2011 [Incessores baird, 1858; incl. Cypselomorphae Huxley, 1867] |?- †Eurofluvioviridavis robustipes Mayr, 2005a |--+--o Steatornithidae [Steatornithiformes] (oilbirds; rasvalinnut) | | |-- †Prefica nivea Olson, 1987 [Preficinae] | | `--o †Steatornithinae (modern oilbirds; nykyrasvakehrääjät) | | `--o Steatornis (rasvakehrääjät) | | |?- †S. sp. | | `-- S. caripensis (oilbird; rasvakehrääjä) | `--o Podargiformes Mathews, 1918 sensu Nesbitt, Ksepka & Clarke, 2011 | |-- †Fluvioviridavis platyrhamphus Mayr & Daniels, 2001 [Fluvioviridavidae Mayr, 2005a] | `--+-- †Masillapodarcus longipes | |?- †Quercypodargus olsoni | `-- Podargidae [incl. Batrachostomidae] (frogmouths; pöllökehrääjät) `--o Cypselomorphae Huxley, 1867 sensu Mayr, 2002 |?- †Protocypselomorphus manfredkelleri Mayr, 2005; M.Eoc. CEu. |?-o †Archaeotrogonidae Mourer-Chauviré, 1980 | |-- †Hassiavis laticauda Mayr, 1998; M.Eoc. CEu. | `--o †Archaeotrogon | |-- †A. venustus | |-- †A. zitteli | |-- †A. cayluxensis | `-- †A. hoffstetteri `--+--o Caprimulgiformes sensu stricto | |--+--o †Paraprefica | | | |-- †P. kelleri | | | `-- †P. major | | `--o Nyctibiidae (pökkelökehrääjät) | | |-- †Euronyctibius kurochkini | | `--o Nyctibius Vieillot, 1816 (pökkelökehrääjät) | | |--o N. grandis (Gmelin, 1789) (Large potoo, isopökkelökehrääjä) | | | |-- N. g. grandis (Gmelin, 1789) | | | `-- N. g. guatemalensis Land & Schultz, 1963 | | |--o N. aethereus (Wied-Neuwied, 1820) (Large-tailed Potoo; pyrstöpökkelökehrääjä) | | | |-- N. a. aethereus (Wied-Neuwied, 1820) (Large-tailed Potoo) | | | |-- N. a. chocoensis Chapman, 1921 | | | `-- N. a. longicaudatus (Spix, 1825) (Long-tailed Potoo) | | |--o N. jamaicensis (Gmelin, 1789) (Common Potoo) | | | |-- N. j. abbotti Richmond, 1917 (Hispaniolan Potoo) | | | |-- N. j. costaricensis Ridgway, 1912 (Central American common potoo) | | | |-- N. j. jamaicensis (Gmelin, 1789) (Jamaica Potoo) | | | |-- N. j. lambi Davis, J., 1959 | | | `-- N. j. mexicanus Nelson, 1900 (Mexican common potoo) | | |--o N. griseus (Gmelin, 1789) (Grey Potoo; harmaapökkelökehrääjä) | | | |-- N. g. griseus (Gmelin, 1789) (Grey Potoo) | | | |?- N. g. cornutus (Paraguayan Potoo) | | | `-- N. g. panamensis Ridgway 1912 | | |-- N. maculosus Ridgway, 1912 (Andean Potoo) | | |-- N. leucopterus (Wied-Neuwied, 1821) (valkopökkelökehrääjä) | | `-- N. bracteatus Gould, 1846 (ruskopökkelökehrääjä) | `--o Caprimulgidae (nightjars; kehrääjät) | |?- †Ventivorus ragei | |-- Chordeilinae (haukkakehrääjät) | `-- Caprimulginae (varsinaiset kehrääjät) `--o Daedalornithes Sangster, 2005 |--o Aegothelidae (Bonaparte, 1853) [Aegotheliformes Simonetta, 1967; Aegotheli Sibley et al., 1988] (owlet-nightjars; australiankehrääjät) | |-- †Quipollornis koniberi | `--o Aegotheles Vigors & Horsfield, 1827 (australinkehrääjät) | |-- A. affinis Salvadori, 1876 | |--o A. albertisi PL Sclater, 1874 (vuorikehrääjä) | | |-- A. a. albertisi PL Sclater, 1874 | | |-- A. a. salvadorii Hartert, 1892 | | `-- A. a. wondiwoi Mayr & Rand, 1936 | |-- A. archboldi Rand. 1941 (idänvuorikehrääjä) | |--o A. bennettii Salvadori & Albertis, 1875 (juovakehrääjä) | | |-- A. b. bennettii Salvadori & Albertis, 1875 | | |-- A. b. plumifer EP Ramsay, 1883 | | |-- A. b. terborghi Diamond, 1967 | | `-- A. b. wiedenfeldi Laubmann, 1914 | |-- A. crinifrons (Bonaparte,) 1850 (sundankehrääjä) | |--o A. cristatus (Shaw, 1790) (australiankehrääjä) | | |-- A. c. cristatus (Shaw, 1790) | | `-- A. c. tasmanicus Mathews, 1918 | |-- A. insignis Salvadori, 1876 (sinettikehrääjä) | |-- A. tatei Rand, 1941 | |-- †A. savesi EL Layard & ELC Layard, 1881 (uudenkaledoniankehrääjä?) | |--o A. wallacii GR Gray, 1859 (arunkehrääjä) | | |-- A. w. gigas Rothschild, 1931 | | |-- A. w. manni Diamond, 1969 | | `-- A. w. wallacii GR Gray, 1859 | `-- †A. novaezealandiae [Megaegotheles] `-- Apodiformes Peters, 1940 (swifts & hummingbirds; kirskulinnut)
After Prum, Berv, Dornburg, Field, Townsend, Lemmon & Lemmon, 2015<==o Strisores |-- Caprimulgidae `--+--+--o Steatornithiformes | | `-- Steatornithidae | `-- Nyctibiidae `--+--o Podarciformes | `-- Podarcidae `--o Daedalornithes |--o Aegotheliformes | `-- Aegothelidae `-- Apodiformes After Nesbitt, Ksepka & Clarke, 2011<==o Strisores |--+?-o Steatornithiformes | | `-- Steatornithidae | `--o Podarciformes | `-- Podarcidae `--o Cypselomorphae |--o Caprimulgiformes s.s. | |-- Nyctibiidae | `-- Caprimulgidae `--o Daedalornithes |--o Aegotheliformes | `-- Aegothelidae `-- Apodiformes |
Reference(s):
- Feduccia, A., 1996: The origin and evolution of birds.
–Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 1996, xii-420 - Mayr, G., 2002: Osteological evidence for paraphyly of the avian order Caprimulgiformes (nightjars and allies).
–Journal of Ornithology: Vol. 143, pp. 82-97 - Mayr, G., 2004: New specimens of Hassiavis laticauda (Aves: Cypselomorphae) and Quasisyndactylus longibrachis (Aves: Alcediniformes) from the Middle Eocene of messel, Germany.
–Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenburg: #252, pp. 23-28 - Mayr, G., 2005: A new cypselomorph bird from the Middle Eocene of Germany and the early diversification of avian aerial insectivores.
–The Condor: Vol. 107, pp. 342-352 - Nesbitt, S. J., Ksepka, D. T. & Clarke, J. A., 2011: Podargiform Affinities of the Enigmatic Fluvioviridavis platyrhamphus and the Early Diversification of Strisores (“Caprimulgiformes” + Apodiformes).
–Plos One: Vol. 6, #11, pp. e26350 [doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026350] - Olson, S. L., 1985: The fossil record of birds. 79-239.
in Farner, D., King, J. & Parkes, K. (eds.), 1985: Avian Biology. vol VIII.
–Academic Press, New York. 1985. - Sangster, G., 2005: A name for the clade formed by owlet-nightjars, swifts and hummingbirds (Aves).
–Zootaxa: #799, pp. 1-6 - Sibley, C. G. & Monroe, J., BL. 1990: Distribution and taxonomy of birds of the world.
–Yale University Press, New Haven & London, 1990. XXIV-1111
Livezey, B. C. & Zusi, R. L., 2001: Higher-order phylogenetics of modern Aves based on comperative anatomy.
–Netherlands Journal of Zoology: Vol. 51, #2, pp. 179-205