After Clarke, Ksepka, Stucchi, Urbina, Giannini, Bertelli, Narváez & Boyd, 2007 (fig. 3), Ksepka & Clarke, 2010 and Mayr, Scofield, De Pietri & Tennyson, 2017,
with details and species from Olson, 1985, Feduccia, 1980, 1996, Welsh, 2002, Bertelli & Giannini, 2005, Clarke, Ksepka, Salas-Gismondi, Altamirano, Shawkey, D'Alba, Vinther, DeVries & Baby, 2010, Ksepka, Fordyce, Ando & Jones, 2012, and Recent species from Sibley & Monroe, 1990, and Peterson, 2002-2004, and Finnish vernacular names from Lokki, Jännes & Nikander, 1992
<==o Sphenisciformes Sharpe, 1891 (penguins; pingviinilinnut) |--o †Waimanu Jones, Ando & Fordyce, in Slack, Jones, Ando, Harrison, Fordyce, Arnason & Penny, 2006; L.Pal., NZ. | |-- †W. manneringi Jones, Ando & Fordyce, in Slack, Jones, Ando, Harrison, Fordyce, Arnason & Penny, 2006 | `-- †W. tuatahi Jones, Ando & Fordyce, in Slack, Jones, Ando, Harrison, Fordyce, Arnason & Penny, 2006 `--+--†Kumimanu biceae Mayr, Scofield, De Pietri & Tennyson, 2017 `--+--o †Delphinornis Wiman, 1905 [Notodyptes Marples, 1953; Palaeospheniscus in partim] | |-- †D. gracilis [=? Palaeospheniscus gracilis] | `--+-- †D. larseni Wiman, 1905 [D. larsenii] | `--+-- †D. arctowskii Myrcha, Jadwiszczak, Tambussi, Noriega, Gazdzicki, Tatur & Valle, 2002 | `-- †D. wimani (Marples, 1953) Ksepka & Clarke, 2010 [Notodyptes wimani Marples, 1953; Archaeospheniscus wimani Simpson, 1971a; =? Palaeospheniscus wimani Ameghino, 1905] `--+--+-- †Marambiornis exilis Myrcha, Jadwiszczak, Tambussi, Noriega, Gazdzicki, Tatur & Valle, 2002 | `-- †Mesetaornis polaris Myrcha, Jadwiszczak, Tambussi, Noriega, Gazdzicki, Tatur & Valle, 2002 `--+-- †Perudyptes devriesi Clarke, Ksepka, Stucchi, Urbina, Giannini, Bertelli, Narváez & Boyd, 2007 `--+--o †Anthropornis Wiman, 1905 [Anthropornithinae Simpson, 1946] | |-- †A. sp. [UCMP 321023] | |-- †A. nordenskjoeldi Wiman, 1905 [Anthropornis nordenskjoldii Wiman, 1905; incl.? “Pachydyptes” simpsoni Jenkins, 1974] | `-- †A. grandis (Wiman, 1905) [=? Paraptenodytes grandis Ameghino, 1894 (in partim?; =? Paraptenodytes grandis Ameghino, 1901 Pachypteryx grandis] `--+--o †Palaeeudyptes Wiman, 1905 [Palaeeudyptinae] | |-- Burnside “Palaeeudyptes” | |-- †P. klekowskii Myrcha, Tatur & del Valle, 1990 | `-- †P. gunnari (Wiman, 1905) `--+--+-- †Icadyptes salasi Clarke, Ksepka, Stucchi, Urbina, Giannini, Bertelli, Narváez & Boyd, 2007 | `-- †Pachydyptes ponderosus Oliver, 1930 `--+-- †Inkayacu paracasensis Clarke, Ksepka, Salas-Gismondi, Altamirano, Shawkey, D'Alba, Vinther, DeVries & Baby, 2010 `--+--o †Kairuku Ksepka, Fordyce, Ando & Jones, 2012 [Duntroon “Palaeeudyptes”] Olig. NZ. | |-- †K. waitaki Ksepka, Fordyce, Ando & Jones, 2012 | `-- †K. grebneffi Ksepka, Fordyce, Ando & Jones, 2012 `--+-- †Duntroonornis parvus Marples, 1952 |-- †Archaeospheniscus lowei Marples, 1952 |-- †Archaeospheniscus lopdelli Marples, 1952 `--+--o †Paraptenodytes Ameghino, 1891 [Isotremornis Ameghino, 1905; Metancylornis Ameghino, 1905][Paraptenodytinae] | |?- †P. brodkorbi Simpson, 1972 | |?- †P. robustus Ameghino, 1894 [Arthrodytes grandis Ameghino 1901; Isotremornis nordenskjoldi Ameghino, 1905; Metancylornis curtus Ameghino, 1901; Paraptenodytes curtus Ameghino, 1901; Paraptenodytes grandis Ameghino, 1901; Paraptenodytes nordenskjoldi Ameghino, 1905] | `-- †P. antarcticus Moreno & Mercerat, 1891 [Palaeospheniscus antarcticus; =? Palaeeudyptes antarcticus] `--+--o †Platydyptes Marples, 1952 | |?- †P. amiesi Marples, 1952 | |-- †P. marplesi Simpson, 1971 [=? Palaeeudyptes marplesi] | `-- †P. novaezealandiae Oliver, 1930 [Pachydyptes novaezealandiae] `--+--o †“Palaeospheniscinae” [Palaeospheniscus Moreno & Mercerat 1891 sensu lato] | |-- †Eretiscus tonnii (Simpson, 1981) Olson, 1986 [Microdytes tonnii Simpson, 1981; Eeretiscus Clarke et al. 2007 (lapsus calami)] | |?- †Palaeospheniscus affinis Ameghino, 1905 | |?- †Palaeospheniscus gracilis Ameghino, 1899 [Neculus rothi Ameghino, 1905; Palaeospheniscus medianus Ameghino, 1905; Palaeospheniscus nereius Ameghino, 1901; Paraspheniscus nereius Ameghino, 1901;] [=? Delphinornis gracilis] | |?- †Palaeospheniscus huxleyorum Simpson, 1973 | |?- †Palaeospheniscus intermedius Ameghino, 1905 | |?- †Palaeospheniscus interruptus Ameghino, 1905 | |?- †Palaeospheniscus planus Ameghino, 1905 [Pseudospheniscus planus Ameghino, 1905] | |?- †Palaeospheniscus rothi Ameghino, 1905 | |?- †Palaeospheniscus wimani Ameghino, 1905 [Perispheniscus wimani] [=? Delphinornis wimani (Marples, 1953)] | |?- †Palaeospheniscus concavus (Ameghino, 1905) [Pseudospheniscus concavus Ameghino, 1905] | |?- †Treleudytes crassa Ameghino, 1905 [Paraptenodytes crassus] | |-- †Palaeospheniscus patagonicus Moreno & Mercerat 1891 [Palaeospheniscus menzbieri Moreno & Mercerat, 1891; Paraptenodytes patagonicus] [type?] | |-- †Palaeospheniscus bergi Moreno & Mercerat, 1891 | `-- †Palaeospheniscus biloculata (Simpson, 1970) [†Chubutodyptes biloculata Simpson, 1970; Palaeospheniscus bilocular (Simpson, 1970)] `--+-- †Dege hendeyi Simpson, 1979 |-- †Marplesornis novaezealandiae (Marples, 1960) Simpson, 1972 [Palaeospheniscus novaezealandiae Marples, 1960] `--o Spheniscidae Bonaparte, 1831 (Modern penguins; nykypingviinit) |--o Aptenodytes J.F. Miller, 1778 (kuningaspingviinit) | |-- A. patagonicus J.F. Miller, 1778 (King Penguin; kuningaspingviini) | `-- A. forsteri G.R. Gray, 1844 (Emperor Penguin; keisaripingviini) `--+?- †Pygoscelis calderensis Acosta Hospitaleche, Chavez & Fritis, 2006 |?- †Pygoscelis tyreei Simpson, 1972 |--o Pygoscelis Wagler, 1832 (mustapääpingviinit) | |-- P. antarcticus (J.R. Forster, 1781) [P. antarctica] (myssypingviini) | `--+-- P. papua (J.R. Forster, 1781) (valkokulmapingviini) | `-- P. adeliae (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1841) (jääpingviini) `--+-- †“Pygoscelis” grandis Walsh & Suarez, 2006 |--+--o Eudyptula minor (J.R. Forster, 1781) Bonaparte, 1856 (sinipingviini) | | |-- E. m. minor (sinipingviini) | | `-- E. m. albosignata (liuskepingviini) | `--o Spheniscus Brisson, 1760 (silmälasipingviinit; juovapingviinit) | |?- †S. chilensis Emslie & Guerra Correa, 2003 | |--+-- †S. megaramphus Stucchi et al, 2003 | | `-- †S. urbinai Stucchi, 2001 | `--+-- †S. muizoni Göhlich, 2007 | `--+--+-- S. demersus (Linnaeus, 1758) (afrikanpingviini) | | `-- S. magellanicus (J.R. Forster, 1781) (patagonianpingviini) | `--+-- S. humboldti Meyen, 1834 (perunpingviini) | `-- S. mendiculus Sundevall, 1871 (galapagosinpingviini) `--+-- Megadyptes antipodes (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1841) Milne-Edwards, 1880 (keltasilmäpinviini, hoiho) `--+-- †Madrynornis mirandus Acosta Hospitaleche, Tambussi, Donato & Cozzuol, 2007 `--o Eudyptes Vieillot, 1816 (töyhtöpingviinit) |?- †E. sp. [<Chatham Islands>] |--+-- E. moseleyi [E. chrysocome moseleyi] (moseley's penguin) | `--+-- E. filholi Huttom, 1879 (Eastern Rockhopper Penguin) | `-- E. chrysocome (J.R. Forster, 1781) (rockhopper penguin; kalliotöyhtöpingviini) `--+--+-- E. chrysolophus (Brandt, 1837) (kultatöyhtöpingviini) | `-- E. schlegeli Finsch, 1876 (töyhtöpingviini) `--+-- E. sclateri Buller, 1888 (pystötöyhtöpingviini) `--+-- E. robustus Oliver, 1953 (snaressaartenpingviini) `-- E. pachyrhynchus G.R. Gray, 1845 (vuonopingviini)
Sphenisciformes incertae sedis:
Some are taxa not treated by Ksepka & Clarke, 2010, or Clarke et al., 2010
†Anthropodyptes gilli Simpson, 1959
†Apterodytes ictus Ameghino, 1901
†Arthrodytes Ameghino, 1905
†A. andrewsi (Ameghino, 1901) [Paraptenodytes andrewsi Ameghino, 190]
?†A. grandis [=? Anthropornis grandis]
?†A. ridgeni
†Crossvallia unienwillia Tambussi, Reguero, Marenssi & Santillana, 2005; L.Pal. Ant.
†Ichtyopteryx Wiman, 1905 [Ichthyopteryx]
†Inguza predemersus (Simpson, 1971) Simpson, 1975 [Spheniscus predemersus Simpson, 1971]
†Kaiika maxwelli Fordyce & Thomas, 2011
†Korora oliveri Marples, 1952
†Nucleornis insolitus Simpson, 1979
†Orthopteryx gigas Wiman, 1905
†“Pachydyptes” simpsoni Jenkins, 1974 [Anthropornis nordenskjoeldii in partim] [SAMA P14157]
†Palaeeudyptes Huxley, 1859 [polyphyletic]
†P. sp.1 [Australia]
†P. sp.2 [New Zealand]
†P. marplesi Brodkorb, 1963 [=? Platydyptes marplesi]
†P. antarcticus Huxley, 1859
†Pseudaptenodytes Simpson, 1970
†P. minor Simpson, 1970
†P. macraei Simpson, 1970
†Tasidyptes hunteri van Tets & O'Connor, 1983
†Tereingaornis moisleyi Scarlett, 1983
†Tonniornis Tambussi, Acosta Hospitaleche, Reguero & Marenssi, 2006
†T. mesetaensis Tambussi, Acosta Hospitaleche, Reguero & Marenssi, 2006
†T. minimum Tambussi, Acosta Hospitaleche, Reguero & Marenssi, 2006
†Wimanornis seymourensis Simpson, 1971 [Wimantornis lapsus calami]
After Mayr, Scofield, De Pietri & Tennyson, 2017 (fig. 3)<==o Sphenisciformes |--o †Waimanu | |-- †W. manneringi | `-- †W. tuatahi `--+--†Kumimanu biceae `--+--o †Delphinornis | |-- †D. gracilis | `--+-- †D. larseni | `--+-- †D. arctowskii | `-- †D. wimani `--+--+-- †Marambiornis exilis | `-- †Mesetaornis polaris `--+-- †Perudyptes devriesi `--+--o †Anthropornis | |-- †A. nordenskjoeldii | `-- †A. grandis `--+--o †Palaeeudyptes | |-- †P. klekowskii | `-- †P. gunnari `--+--+-- †Icadyptes salasi | `-- †Pachydyptes ponderosus `--+-- †Inkayacu paracasensis `--+--o †Kairuku | |-- †K. waitaki | `-- †K. grebneffi `--+-- †Paraptenodytes antarcticus `--o Spheniscidae |-- Aptenodytes patagonicus `--+-- Pygoscelis papua `--+--+-- Eudyptula minor | `-- Spheniscus demersus `--+-- Megadyptes antipodes `-- Eudyptes chrysocome Reference(s):
|
After Ksepka, & Clarke, 2010 (fig. 11)<==o Sphenisciformes |-- †Waimanu manneringi |-- †Waimanu tuatahi `--+--o †Delphinornis | |-- †D. gracilis | |-- †D. larseni | `--+-- †D. arctowskii | `-- †D. wimani `--+-- †Marambiornis exilis |-- †Mesetaornis polaris `--+-- †Perudyptes devriesi `--+--o †Anthropornis | |-- †A. sp. [UCMP 321023] | |-- †A. nordenskjoeldii | `-- †A. grandis `--+-- †Palaeeudyptes klekowskii |-- †Palaeeudyptes gunnari |-- †Pachydyptes ponderosus |-- †Icadyptes salasi |-- Burnside “Palaeeudyptes” [OM GL435] `--+-- Duntroon “Palaeeudyptes” [OM GL427, OM GL432] `--+-- †Duntroonornis parvus |-- †Archaeospheniscus lowei |-- †Archaeospheniscus lopdelli `--+-- †Paraptenodytes antarcticus `--+--+-- †Platydyptes marplesi | `-- †Platydyptes novaezealandiae `--+--+-- †Eretiscus tonnii | |-- †Palaeospheniscus patagonicus | |-- †Palaeospheniscus bergi | `-- †Palaeospheniscus biloculata `--+-- †Dege hendeyi |-- †Marplesornis novaezealandiae `--o Spheniscidae |--o Aptenodytes | |-- A. patagonicus | `-- A. forsteri `--+-- †Pygoscelis grandis |--o Pygoscelis | |-- P. adeliae | `--+-- P. papua | `-- P. antarctica `--+--+-- Eudyptula minor | `--o Spheniscus | |-- †S. megaramphus | |-- †S. urbinai | |-- †S. muizoni | |-- †S. chilensis | `--+--+-- S. demersus | | `-- S. magellanicus | `--+-- S. humboldti | `-- S. mendiculus `--+-- Megadyptes antipodes `--+-- †Madrynornis mirandus `--o Eudyptes |--+-- E. moseleyi | `--+-- E. filholi | `-- E. chrysocome `--+--+-- E. chrysolophus | `-- E. schlegeli `--+-- E. sclateri `--+-- E. robustus `-- E. pachyrhynchus References(s):
|
After Clarke, Ksepka, Stucchi, Urbina, Giannini, Bertelli, Narváez & Boyd, 2007 (fig. 3)<==o Sphenisciformes |-- †Waimanu manneringi |-- †Waimanu tuatahi `--+-- †Delphinornis larseni `--+-- †Marambiornis exilis |-- †Mesetaornis polaris `--+-- †Perudyptes devriesi `--+--o †Anthropornis | |-- †A. nordenskjoeldii | `-- †A. grandis `--+-- †Palaeeudyptes klekowskii |-- †Palaeeudyptes gunnari `--+-- †Palaeeudyptes sp. [OM C.48:73-81] |-- †Pachydyptes ponderosus |-- †Icadyptes salasi `--+-- †Palaeeudyptes sp. [OM C.47:25] |-- †Palaeeudyptes sp. [OM C.47:23A] `--+-- †Archaeospheniscus lowei |-- †Archaeospheniscus lopdelli `--+-- †Paraptenodytes antarcticus |-- †Platydyptes amiesi `--+--+-- †Platydyptes marplesi | `-- †Platydyptes novaezealandiae `--+--+-- †Palaeospheniscus patagonicus | `-- †Eeretiscus (sic) tonnii `--+-- †Marplesornis novaezealandiae `--o Spheniscidae |--o Aptenodytes | |-- A. patagonicus | `-- A. forsteri `--+--o Pygoscelis | |-- P. antarcticus | `--+-- P. papua | `-- P. adeliae `--+--+-- Eudyptula minor | `--o Spheniscus | |-- †S. megaramphus | |-- †S. urbinai | `--+-- S. demersus | |-- S. magellanicus | `--+-- S. humboldti | `-- S. mendiculus `--+-- Megadyptes antipodes `--o Eudyptes |-- E. pachyrhynchus `--+--+-- E. robustus | `-- E. sclateri `--+--+-- E. chrysocome | `-- E. moseleyi `--+-- E. schlegeli `-- E. chrysolophus References(s):
|
After Acosta Hospitaleche, Tambussi, Donato & Cozzuol, 2007 (fig. 8)<==o Sphenisciformes |-- †Paraptenodytes antarcticus `--o Spheniscidae |--+-- Eudyptula minor | `--o Spheniscus | |--+-- †S. urbinai | | `-- †S. megaramphus | `--+-- S. mendiculus | |-- S. humboldti | |-- S. demersus | `-- S. magellanicus `--+--+-- †Madrynornis mirandus | `--o Eudyptes | |-- E. pachyrhynchus | |-- E. chrysolophus | `-- E. chrysocome `--+-- Megadyptes antipodes `--+-- Pygoscelis papua `--+--+-- Pygoscelis antarcticus | `-- Pygoscelis adeliae `--+?- †Palaeospheniscus biloculata `--o Aptenodytes |-- A. patagonicus `-- A. forsteri Reference(s):
|
Reference(s):
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