After Olson, 1985, Feduccia, 1980, 1996 and Ericson, 1996, modified to accommodate Hughes, 2000
<==o “Primitive Land-bird Assemblage” |?- Cariamae (käärmekurkimaiset nykylinnut) [paraphyletic??!!] `--+?- Musophagiformes sensu Hughes & Baker, 1999 `--+?- Falconidae [Falconiformes] (jalohaukat) `--+?- Cuculidae [Cuculiformes] (käkilinnut) `--+?-o Pandionidae (sääkset, kalasääsket) | |?- †Pandionidae genera et species indet. aff. Pandion [Egypt, Eocene] | `--o Pandion Savigny, 1809 (sääkset, kalasääsket) | |-- †P. lovensis | |-- †P. homalopteron Warter, 1976 | `-- P. haliaetus (Linneus, 1758) (sääksi, kalasääski) |?-o Sagittariidae (sihteerilinnut) | |--o †Pelargopappus | | |-- †P. schlosseri | | `-- †P. magnus | `-- Sagittarius serpentarius (J.F. Miller, 1779) Hermann, 1783 (secretary bird; sihteeri) |?- Accipitridae [Accipitriformes] (haukat) `-- Anomalogonatae
Note:
This is an alternative phylogeny of primitive landbirds based on works of Feduccia, 1980, 1996 and Olson, 1985.
This tree is modified from author's preferred tree to accommodate a recent phylogenetic analysis of Cuculidae (cockoos) by Hughes, 2000. In this work she uses a monophyletic Musophagiformes [Musophagidae + Ophistocomidae] as outgroup.
Reference(s):
- Feduccia, A., 1980: The Age of Birds.
–Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts & London, England, 1980, IX-196 - Feduccia, A., 1997: The Origin and Evolution of Birds.
–Yale University Press, New Haven, 1996, x-420 - Hughes, J. M. 2000: Monophyly and phylogeny of cockoos (Aves, Cuculidae) inferred from the osteological characters.
–Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society: vol. 130, #2?, pp. 263-307. - Lokki, J., Jännes, H. & Nikander, P. J., 1990: Otavan lintutieto. 1-440
–Kustannusosakeyhtiö Otava, Helsinki, Finland, 1992
Translated from: Perrins, C. M. (ed.), 1990: The Illustrated encyclopaedia of birds.
–Headline Book Publishing Plc., London, England, 1990 - Olson, S. L., 1985: The fossil record of birds. 79-239.
in Farner, D., King, J. & Parkes, K. (eds.), 1985: Avian Biology. vol VIII.
–Academic Press, New York. 1985. - Olson, S. L. & Rasmussen, P. D., 2001: Miocene and Pliocene birds from the Lee Creek Mine, North Carolina. 233-365
in Ray, C. E. & Bohaska, D. J., (eds.) 2001: Geology and paleontology of the Lee Creek Mine, North Carolina, III.
–Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology: No. 90, iii-365 - Peterson, A. P., 2002-2004: Zoonomen Nomenclatural data of Birds. (Updated: 2004-12-24)
–iNet: Zoonomen Nomenclatural data: http://www.zoonomen.net/avtax/frame.html; [visited: 2005-01-21] - Rasmussen, D. T., Olson, S. L. & Simons, E. L., 1987: Fossil birds from the Oligocene Jebel Quatrani Formation, Fayum Province, Egypt.
–Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology: No. 62, pp. iv-20 - Sibley, C. G. & Monroe, B. L., 1990: Distribution and taxonomy of birds of the world.
–Yale University Press, New Haven & London, 1990. xxiv-1111. - Warter, S. L., 1976: A new osprey from the Miocene of California (Falconiformes: Pandionidae). 133-146
in Olson, S. L. (ed.), 1976: Collected papers in avian phylogeny honoring the 90th birthday of Alaxander Wetmore.
–Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology: No. 27, xxvi-211