After Olson, 1985, Feduccia, 1980, 1996, and Sibley & Monroe, 1990, with Finnish names after Lokki, Jännes & Nikander, 1992
<==o Piciformes (tikkalinnut) |--o Galbulae | |-- Bucconidae (puffbirds; laiskurit) | `-- Galbulidae (jacamars; jakamarit) `--o Pici |--o “Ramphastioidea” | |-- Megalaimidae | |-- Lybiidae | |-- Capitonidae | `-- Ramphastidae (toucans; tukaanit) `--o “Picoidea” |-- Indicatoridae (hunastajat) `-- Picidae (woodpeckers; tikat)
Reference(s):
- Feduccia, A., 1980: The Age of Birds.
–Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts & London, England, 1980, IX-196 - Feduccia, A., 1996: The Origin and Evolution of Birds.
–Yale University Press, New Haven, 1996, x-420 - Lokki, J., Jännes, H. & Nikander, P. J., 1992: Otavan lintutieto.
–Kustannusosakeyhtiö Otava, Helsinki, Finland, 1992, pp. 1-440
Translated from: Perrins, C. M. (ed.), 1990: The Illustrated encyclopaedia of birds.
–Headline Book Publishing Plc., London, England, 1990 - Olson, S. L., 1985: The fossil record of birds. 79-239.
in Farner, D., King, J. & Parkes, K. (eds.), 1985: Avian Biology. vol VIII.
–Academic Press, New York. 1985 - Sibley, C. G. & Monroe, B, L., 1990: Distribution and taxonomy of birds of the world.
–Yale University Press, New Haven & London, 1990, xxiv-1111