After Worthy, 1994, Feduccia, 1996, Holdaway, Worthy & Tennyson, 2001, Bunce, Worthy, Ford, Hoppitt, Willerslev, Drummond & Cooper, 2003, and Huynen, Millar, Scofield & Lambert, 2003
<==o †Dinornithiformes (Gadow, 1893) (moas; moalinnut) |--o †Dinornithidae (Owen, 1843) Bonaparte (great moas; isomoat) | `--o †Dinornis Owen, 1843 [taxonomic history] (great moas; isomoat) | |-- †D. novaezealandiae Owen, 1843 [taxonomic history] (North Island great moa) | `-- †D. robustus Owen, 1846 [taxonomic history] (South Island great moa) `--o †Emeidae [Anomalopterygidae (Archey, 1941)] (lesser moas; pikkumoat) |--o †Emeinae | |-- †Emeus crassus [incl. E. huttonii] | `--o †Euryapteryx | |-- †E. curtus [incl. †E. exilis] | |?- †E. geranoides | `?- †E. gravis `--o †Anomalopteryginae (Archey, 1941) |-- †Megalapteryx didinus [incl. M. benhami] |-- †Anomalopteryx didiformis [incl. A. oweni] `--o †Pachyornis |-- †P. elephantopus |?- †P. australis Oliver `-- †P. mappini [incl. P. septentrionalis]
Note:
Species of moa, and particulary genus Dinornis seems to have unusually large sexual dimorphism, which has caused different morphs to be classified as separate species (Worthy, 1994). Recent articles of Bunce et al (2003) and Huynen et al (2003) has demostrated this by using molecular methods of taxonomy. Because only the genus Dinornis was revisited, I have not chanced the status of other species of moas.
Reference(s):
- Bunce, M., Worthy, T. H., Ford, T., Hoppitt, W., Willerslev, E., Drummond, A. & Cooper, A., 2003: Extreme reversed sexual size dimorphism in the extinct New Zealand moa Dinornis.
–Nature: Vol. 425, pp. 172-175 - Feduccia, A., 1980: The Age of Birds.
–Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts & London, England, 1980, IX-196 - Feduccia, A., 1996: The Origin and Evolution of Birds.
–Yale University Press, Hew Haven, 1996 - Holdaway, R. N., Worthy, T. H. & Tennyson, A. J. D., 2001: A working list of breeding bird species of the New Zealand region at first human contact.
–New Zealand Journal of Zoology: Vol. 28, pp. 119-187 - Huynen, L., Millar, C. D., Scofield, R. P. & Lambert, D. M., 2003: Nuclear DNA sequences detect species limits in ancient moa.
–Nature: Vol. 425, pp. 175-178 - Olson, S. L., 1985: The fossil record of birds. 79-239.
in Farner, D., King, J. & Parkes, K. (eds.), 1985: Avian Biology. vol VIII.
–Academic Press, New York. 1985. - Worthy, T. H., 1994: Reappraisal of Dinornis (Aves: Dinornithiformes) species – a morphometric analysis.
–New Zealand Journal of Zoology: Vol. 21, pp. 113-134