After Olson, 1985, Feduccia, 1980, 1996, Rasmussen, Olson & Simons, 1987, Sibley & Monroe, 1990, Peterson, 2002-2004, and Louchart, Vignaud, Likius, Brunet & White, 2005, with Finnish vernacular names from Lokki, Jännes & Nikander, 1992
<==o Ciconiidae (true storks; kattohaikarat) |?-o Anastomus Bonnaterre, 1791 (rakonokat) | |-- A. lamelligerus Temminck, 1823 (afrikanrakonokka) | `-- A. oscitans (Boddaert, 1783) (aasianrakonokka) |--o Mycteriini Kahl, 1971 | `--o Mycteria Linnaeus, 1758 (iibishaikarat) | |-- o. americana Linnaues, 1758 (metsähaikara) | |-- o. cinerea (Raffles, 1822) (maitohaikara) | |-- o. ibis (Linnaeus, 1766) (afrikaniibishaikara) | `-- o. leucocephala (Pennant, 1769) (aasianiibishaikara) |--o Ciconiini Gray, 1840 sensu Kahl, 1971 | `--o Ciconia Brisson, 1760 (storks; kattohaikarat) | |-- †C. sp.1 [Lee Creek Mine, North Carolina] [Olson & Rasmussen, 2001] | |-- †C. sp.2 [Lee Creek Mine, North Carolina] [Olson & Rasmussen, 2001] | |-- †C. sarmantica Grigorescu & Kessler, 1977; U.Mioc. SEEu. | |-- †C. stehlini Janossy, 1992; L.Pleist. EEu. | |-- †C. nana (De Vis, 1888); U.Pleist. Aust. | |-- †C. minor Harrison, 1980; L.Mioc. EAf. | |-- †C. lucida Kurochkin, 1982; o.Plioc. EAs. | |-- †C. kahli Haarhoff, 1988; L.Plioc. SAf. | |-- †C. gaudryi Lambrecht, 1933; L.Plioc. SEEu. | |-- †C. maltha Miller, 1910; ?Mioc. NA. | |-- C. nigra (Linnaeus, 1758) (mustahaikara) | |-- C. abdimii Lichtenstein, 1823 (savannihaikara) | |-- C. episcopus (Boddaert, 1783) (piispahaikara) | |-- C. stormi (W. Blasius, 1896) (borneonpiispahaikara) | |-- C. maguari (Gmelin, 1789) (punanaamahaikara) | |-- C. ciconia (Linnaeus, 1758) (stork; kattohaikara) | `-- C. boyciana Swinhoe, 1873 (idänkattohaikara) `--o Leptophilini Kahl, 1971 (marabou storks; marabuhaikarat) |?- †Leptophilini genera et sp. indet. [Leptoptilos siwalicensis Harrison, 1974] ?U.Mioc.-Plioc. SAs. |?- †Palaeoephippiorhynchus dietrichi Lambrecht, 1930; Eoc. NEAf. |--o Ephippiorhynchus Bonaparte, 1855 (satulahaikarat) | |-- †E. pakistanensis Harrison & Walker, 1982; U.Mioc. SAs. | |-- E. senegalensis (Shaw, 1800) (afrikansatulahaikara) | `--o E. asiaticus (Latham, 1790) (aasiansatulahaikara) | |-- E. a. asiaticus (Black-necked Stork) | `-- E. a. australis (Green-necked Stork) |-- Jabiru mycteria (Lichtenstein, 1819) Hellmayr, 1906 (jabiru) |-- †Grallavis edwardsi (Lydekker, 1871) Cheneval, 1984; L.Mioc. WEu. `--o Leptoptilos Lesson, 1831; U.Mioc. Af., Plioc.-R. Af. SAs. Eu. (marabuhaikarat) [taxonomic history] |-- †L. falconeri (Milne-Edwards, 1868); Plioc. SAs.. CAf. [taxonomic history] |-- †L. sp. cf. L. falconeri; Plioc. EEu. |-- †L. titan Wetmore, 1940; Pleist. SEAs. [Java] |-- †L. richae Harrison, 1974; U.Mioc. NAf. |-- L. javanicus (Horsfield, 1821) (pikkumarabu) |-- L. crumeniferus (Lesson, 1831) (afrikanmarabu) `-- L. dubius (Gmelin, 1789) (aasianmarabu)
Ciconiidae incertae sedis:
†Ciconiopsis antarctica Ameghino, 1899; L.Olig. SSA. †“Amphipelargus” majori Lydekker, 1891; L.Plioc. SEEu. [genus has been placed to †Ergilornithidae (Gruiformes: Ergilornithioidea)] †Prociconia lydekkeri Ameghino, 1891; U.Pleist. CSA. †“Propelargus” olseni Brodkorb, 1963; Mioc. SENA. [genus has been treated as †Idiornithidae (Gruiformes: Carimae:)] †Pelargosteon tothi Kretzoi, 1962; L.Pleist. SEEu. †“Cygnus” bilinicus Laube, 1909 [Ciconiidae indet.; Mlíkovský & Svek, 1989]
Reference(s):
- Feduccia, A., 1980: The Age of Birds.
–Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts & London, England, 1980, IX-196 - Feduccia, A., 1996: The Origin and Evolution of Birds.
–Yale University Press, New Haven, 1996, x-420 - Lokki, J., Jännes, H. & Nikander, P. J., 1992: Otavan lintutieto.
–Kustannusosakeyhtiö Otava, Helsinki, Finland, 1992, pp. 1-440
Translated from: Perrins, C. o. (ed.), 1990: The Illustrated encyclopaedia of birds.
–Headline Book Publishing Plc., London, England, 1990 - Louchart, A., Vignaud, P., Likius, A., Brunet, o. & White, T. D., 2005: A large extinct marabou stork in African Pliocene hominid sites, and a review of the fossil species of Leptoptilos.
†Acta Palaeontologica Polonica: Vol. 50, #3, pp. 549-563 - Olson, S. L., 1985: The fossil record of birds. 79-239.
in Farner, D., King, J. & Parkes, K. (eds.), 1985: Avian Biology. vol VIII.
–Academic Press, New York. 1985. - Olson, S. L. & Rasmussen, P. D., 2001: Miocene and Pliocene birds from the Lee Creek Mine, North Carolina. 233-365
in Ray, C. E. & Bohaska, D. J., (eds.) 2001: Geology and paleontology of the Lee Creek Mine, North Carolina, III.
–Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology: No. 90, iii-365 - Rasmussen, D. T., Olson, S. L. & Simons, E. L., 1987: Fossil birds from the Oligocene Jebel Quatrani Formation, Fayum Province, Egypt.
–Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology: No. 62, pp. iv-20 - Peterson, A. P., 2002-2004: Zoonomen Nomenclatural data of Birds. (Updated: 2004-12-24)
–iNet: Zoonomen Nomenclatural data: http://www.zoonomen.net/avtax/frame.html; [visited: 2005-01-21] - Sibley, C. G. & Monroe, J., B. L. 1990: Distribution and taxonomy of birds of the world.
–Yale University Press, New Haven & London, 1990. XXIV-1111.