After Ericson, 1996, and Peterson, 2002-2004, with Finnish vernacular names from Lokki, Jännes & Nikander, 1992
<==o Charadriiformes sensu Ericson, 1996 (shore-birds; rantalinnut) |?-o Phalaropus Brisson, 1760 [Phalaropodidae] (vesipääskyt) [sf. => Scolopacidae??] | |?- P. tricolor (amerikanvesipääsky) [not recognized by Peterson, 2004] | |-- P. lobatus (Linnaeus, 1758) (vesipääsky) | `-- P. fulicarius (Linnaeus, 1758) [P. fulicaria] (isovesipääsky) |--+-- Laridae (gulls; lokit) | `?- Sternidae (terns; tiirat) |--+-- Dromas ardeola Paykull, 1805 [Dromadidae] (rapukurmitsa) | `--o Stercorariidae (skuas; kihut) | |--o Catharacta (great skuas; isokihut) | | |-- C. skua (Brunnich, 1764) (isokihu) | | |-- C. antarctica (Lesson, 1831 (etelänkihu) | | |-- †C. lonnbergi (Mathews, 1912) | | |-- C. chilensis Bonaparte, 1857) (chilenkihu) | | `-- C. maccormicki (H. Saunders, 1893) (etelämantereenkihu) | `--o Stercorarius Brisson, 1760 (skuas; kihut) | |-- †S. shufeldti | |-- S. pomarinus (Temminck, 1815) (leveäpyrstökihu) | |-- S. parasiticus (Linnaeus, 1758) (merikihu) | `-- S. longicaudus Vieillot, 1816 (tunturikihu) |-- “Charadriida” `-- “Scolopacida”
Reference(s):
- Ericson, P. G. P. 1996: Systematic relationships of the Palaeogene family Presbyornithidae(Aves: Anseriformes).
–Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society: vol. 121, #4, pp. 429-483 - Feduccia, A., 1980: The Age of Birds.
–Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts & London, England, 1980, IX-196 - Feduccia, A., 1996: The Origin and Evolution of Birds.
–Yale University Press, New Haven, 1996, x-420 - Lokki, J., Jännes, H. & Nikander, P. J., 1992: Otavan lintutieto.
–Kustannusosakeyhtiö Otava, Helsinki, Finland, 1992, pp. 1-440
Translated from: Perrins, C. M. (ed.), 1990: The Illustrated encyclopaedia of birds.
–Headline Book Publishing Plc., London, England, 1990 - Olson, S. L., 1985: The fossil record of birds. 79-239.
in Farner, D., King, J. & Parkes, K. (eds.), 1985: Avian Biology. vol VIII.
–Academic Press, New York. 1985. - Peterson, A. P., 2002-2004: Zoonomen Nomenclatural data of Birds. (Updated: 2004-12-24)
–iNet: Zoonomen Nomenclatural data: http://www.zoonomen.net/avtax/frame.html; [visited: 2005-01-21] - Sibley, C. G. & Monroe, B. L., 1990: Distribution and taxonomy of birds of the world.
–Yale University Press, New Haven & London, 1990. xxiv-1111.