After Baker, Pereira & Paton, 2007, and Smith & Clarke, 2012, with Recent species from Peterson, 2002-2016, and Finnish vernacular names from Lokki, Jännes & Nikander, 1992
<==o Charadrii |--+--o Burhinidae | | |--o Esacus Lesson, 1831 [sg.?=> Burhinus] | | | |-- E. recurvirostris (Cuvier, 1829) [Burhinus recurvirostris] (intianpaksujalka) | | | `-- E. magnirostris (Vieillot, 1818) [?=> Burhinus giganteus (riuttapaksujalka)] | | `--o Burhinus Illiger, 1811 (thick-knees; paksujalat) Mioc. NA. Plioc. NA. R. NA. Eu. As. Af. | | |-- †B. lucorum Bickart, 1981 | | |-- †B. aquilonaris Feduccia, 1980 | | |-- B. oedicnemus (Linnaeus, 1758) (paksujalka) | | |-- B. senegalensis (Swainson, 1837) (sahelinpaksujalka) | | |-- B. vermiculatus (Cabanis, 1868) (rantapaksujalka) | | |-- B. capensis (Lichtenstein, 1823) (suomupaksujalka) | | |-- B. superciliaris (Tschudi,, 1843) (perunpaksujalka) | | |-- B. grallarius (Latham, 1802) (australianpaksujalka) | | `--o B. bistriatus (Wagler, 1829) (amerikanpaksujalka) | | |-- †B. b. nanus (amerikankääpiöpaksujalka) | | |-- †B. b. sp.? (kuubanpaksujalka) | | |-- B. b. dominicensis (hispaniolanpaksujalka) | | `-- B. b. bistriatus (virginianpaksujalka) | `--+-- Pluvianellus socialis G.R. Gray, 1846 [Pluvianellidae] (hopeakurmitsa) | `--o Chionis J.R. Forster, 1788 [Chionididae] (tuppinokat) | |-- C. albus (Gmelin, 1789) [G. alba] (keltatuppinokka) | `-- C. minor Hartlaub, 1841 (mustatuppinokka) `--+--o Charadriidae | |?- †Viator picis Campbell, 1979 | |?-o Belanopteryx Reichenbach, 1852 [Vanellus (Belanopteryx)] (amerikanhyypät) | | |-- †B. downsi Campbell, 2002 | | |-- †B. edmundi Campbell, 1979 | | |-- B. resplendens (Tschudi, 1843) (andienhyyppä) | | `--o B. chilensis (Molina, 1782) [incl.? †Dorypaltus prosphatus Brodkorb, 1959] (eteläamerikanhyyppä) | | |-- B. c. cayennensis (Cayenne Lapwing) | | `-- B. c. chilensis (Southern Lapwing) | |--+--o Vanellus Brisson, 1760 [Afribyx; Tylibyx; Parra; Stephanibyx; Hemiparra?; Hoploxypterus; Xiphidiopterus] (lapwings; hyypät) | | | |-- V. albiceps Gould, 1834 [Hoplopterus albiceps (Gould, 1834); Xiphidiopterus albiceps (Gould, 1834)] (viiksihyyppä) | | | |-- V. vanellus (Linnaeus, 1758) (töyhtöhyyppä) | | | |-- V. crassirostris (Hartlaub, 1855) [Hemiparra?] (pitkävarvashyyppä) | | | |-- V. armatus (Burchell, 1822) [Anitibyx armatus] (seppähyyppä) | | | |-- V. spinosus (Linnaeus, 1758) (kynsihyyppä) | | | |-- V. duvaucelii (Lesson, 1826) (jokihyyppä) | | | |-- V. tectus (Boddaert, 1783) [Charadrius tectus Boddaert, 1783; Hoplopterus tectus (Boddaert, 1783); Lobivanellus tectus (Boddaert, 1783); Sarciophorus tectus (Boddaert, 1783)] (afrikantöyhtöhyyppä; mustapäähyyppä) | | | |-- V. malabaricus (Boddaert, 1783) (intianhyyppä) | | | |-- V. lugubris (Lesson, 1826) (kulohyyppä) | | | |-- V. melanopterus (Cretzschmar, 1829) (laidunhyyppä) | | | |-- V. coronatus (Boddaert, 1783) [Stephanibyx] (kruunuhyyppä) | | | |-- V. superciliosus (Reichenow, 1886) (ruskorintahyyppä) | | | |-- V. senegallus (Linnaeus, 1766) [Parra senegalla Linnaeus, 1766; Afribyx senegallus (Linnaeus, 1766)] (tuhkahyyppä; helttahyyppä) | | | |-- V. melanocephalus (Rüppell, 1845) [Lobivanellus melanocephalus Rüppell, 1845; Hoplopterus melanocephalus (Rüppell, 1845); Tylibyx melanocephalus (Rüppell, 1845)] (etiopianhyyppä; täplärintahyyppä) | | | |-- V. gregarius (Pallas, 1771) (arohyyppä) | | | |-- V. leucurus (Lichtenstein, 1823) (suohyyppä) | | | |-- V. cayanus (Latham, 1790) [Hoploxypterus] (tyllihyyppä) | | | |-- V. cinereus (Blyth, 1842) (huppuhyyppä) | | | |-- V. indicus (Boddaert, 1783) (kenttähyyppä) | | | |-- †V. macropterus (Wagler, 1827) (jaavanhyyppä) | | | |-- V. tricolor (Vieillot, 1818) (australianhyyppä) | | | `--o V. miles (Boddaert, 1783) (naamiohyyppä) | | | |-- V. m. miles (Masked Lapwing) | | | `-- V. m. novaehollandiae (Australian Lapwing) | | `--+-- Erythrogonys cinctus Gould, 1838 [Charadrius cinctus (Gould, 1838)] (australiantylli) | | `--+-- Peltohyas australis (Gould, 1841) Sharpe, 1896 (australiankurmitsa) | | `-- Anarhynchus frontalis Quoy & Gaimard, 1830 [Charadrius frontalis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1830) sensu Holdaway et al., 2001] (kieronokkatylli) | `--+--o Oreopholus Jardine & Selby, 1835 (suokurmitsat) | | |-- O. ruficollis (Wagler, 1829) (andienkeräkurmitsa) | | `-- †O. orcesi | `--+-- Phegornis mitchellii (Fraser, 1845) G.R. Gray, 1846 (andienkurmitsa) | `--+-- Eudromias morinellus (Linnaeus, 1758) C.L. Brehm, 1830 (keräkurmitsa) | `--+--o Charadrius Linnaeus, 1758 (plovers; tyllit) [30 Recent species] | | |--o C. obscurus Gmelin, 1789 (tuturiwhatu; New Zealand plover, red-breasted plover, New Zealand dotterel; uudenseelannintylli) | | | |-- C. o. obscurus Gmelin, 1789 | | | `-- C. o. aquilonius | | |-- C. hiaticula Linnaeus, 1758 (tylli) | | |-- C. semipalmatus Bonaparte, 1825 (kanadantylli) | | |-- C. placidus J.E. Gray & G.R. Gray, 1863 (pitkänokkatylli) | | |-- C. dubius Scopoli, 1786 (pikkutylli) | | |-- C. wilsonia Ord, 1814 (paksunokkatylli) | | |-- C. vociferus Linnaeus, 1758 (amerikantylli) | | |-- C. melodus Ord, 1824 (huilutylli) | | |-- C. pallidus Strickland, 1852 (ruskovyötylli) | | |-- C. thoracicus (Richmond, 1896) (madagaskarintylli) | | |-- C. pecuarius Temminck, 1823 (afrikantylli) | | |-- C. sanctaehelenae (Harting, 1873) (santhelenantylli) | | |-- C. tricollaris Vieillot, 1818 (kolmivyötylli) | | |-- C. forbesi (Shelley, 1883) (Forbes's Plover) | | |--o C. alexandrinus Linnaeus, 1758 (mustajalkatylli) | | | |-- C. a. alexandrinus (mustajalkatylli) | | | |-- C. a. nivosus (Snowy Plover) | | | `-- C. a. occidentalis (pulmustylli) | | |-- C. marginatus Vieillot, 1818 (hietatylli) | | |-- C. ruficapillus Temminck, 1821 (ruosteniskatylli) | | |-- C. peronii Schlegel, 1865 (sundantylli) | | |-- C. javanicus Chasen, 1938 (Javan Plover; jaavantylli) | | |-- C. venustus (ruskovyötylli) | | |-- C. collaris Vieillot, 1818 (sepeltylli) | | |-- C. bicinctus Jardine & Selby, 1827 (ruostevyötylli) | | |-- C. exilis Falla, 1978 [C. bicinctus exilis Falla, 1978] | | |-- C. falklandicus Latham, 1790 (patagoniantylli) | | |-- C. alticola (Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1902) (punantylli) | | |--o C. mongolus Pallas, 1776 (ylänkötylli) | | | |-- C. m. mongolus (Mongolian Plover) | | | `-- C. m. atrifrons (Tibetan Plover) | | |-- C. leschenaultii Lesson, 1826 (aavikkotylli) | | |-- C. asiaticus Pallas, 1773 (kaspiantylli) | | |-- C. veredus Gould, 1848 (gobintylli) | | |-- C. modestus Lichtenstein, 1823 [Zonibyx] (rusorintatylli; laidunkurmitsa) | | |-- C. montanus J.K. Townsend, 1837 (preeriatylli) | | `-- C. rubricollis Gmelin, 1789 (mustapäätylli) | `--+-- Thinornis novaeseelandiae (Gmelin, 1789) G.R. Gray, 1845 [Charadrius novaeseelandiae sensu Holdaway et al., 2001] [incl. Thinornis rossii (nomen dubium)] (kolotylli) | `-- Elseyornis melanops (Vieillot, 1818) Mathews, 1914 [Charadrius melanops] (mustaotsatylli) `--+--o Pluvialis Brisson, 1760 (kurmitsat) | |-- P. apricaria (Linnaeus, 1758) (kapustarinta) | |-- P. dominica (Statius Muller, 1776) (amerikankurmitsa) | |-- P. fulva (Gmelin, 1789) (siperiankurmitsa) | `-- P. squatarola (Linnaeus, 1758) (tundrakurmitsa) `--+--+-- Ibidorhyncha struthersii Vigors, 1832 [Ibidorhynchidae] (iibisnokka) | `--o Haematopus Linnaeus, 1758 [Haematopodidae] (Oystercatcher's; meriharakat) | |?- †H. sp. | |-- H. ostralegus Linnaeus, 1758 (meriharakka) | |-- †H. meadewaldoi Bannerman, 1913 (kanarianmeriharakka) | |-- H. palliatus Temminck, 1820 [incl. †Palostralegus sulcatus Brodkorb, 1955; †Haematopus sulcatus (Brodkorb, 1955) sensu Olson & Steadman, 1979] (amerikanmeriharakka) | |-- H. longirostris Vieillot, 1817 (australianmeriharakka) | |-- H. bachmani Audubon, 1838 (alaskanmeriharakka) | |-- H. moquini Bonaparte, 1856 (mustameriharakka) | |-- H. finschi G.H. Martens, 1897 (South Island Oystercatcher; eteläsaarenmeriharakka) | |-- H. leucopodus Garnot, 1826 (patagonianmeriharakka) | |-- H. ater Vieillot & Oudart, 1825 (chilenmeriharakka) | |-- H. fuliginosus Gould, 1845 (sysimeriharakka) | `--+-- H. unicolor J.R. Forster, 1844 (nokimeriharakka) | `-- H. chathamensis Hartert, 1927 [Haematopus unicolor chathamensis] (chathaminmeriharakka) `--o Recurvirostridae (Stilts; avosetit) |--o Recurvirostra Linnaeus, 1758 (avosetit) | |-- R. avosetta Linnaeus, 1758 (avosetti) | |-- †R. sanctaeneboulae | |-- R. americana Gmelin, 1789 (preeriaavosetti) | |-- R. novaehollandiae Vieillot, 1816 (australianavosetti) | `-- R. andina Philippi & Landbeck, 1861 (andienavosetti) `--+-- Cladorhynchus leucocephalus (Vieillot, 1816) G.R. Gray, 1840 (vyöpitkäjalka) `--o Himantopus Brisson, 1760 (pitkäjalat) |--o H. himantopus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Stilt; pitkäjalka) | |-- H. h. himantopus (black-winged Stilt) | `-- H. h. ceylonensis (ceyloninpitkäjalka) |-- H. leucocephalus Gould, 1837 (australianpitkäjalka) |-- H. melanurus Vieillot, 1817 (Chile Stilt; chilenpitkäjalka) |--o H. mexicanus (Statius Muller, 1776) (American Stilt; amerikanpitkäjalka) | |-- H. m. knudseni Stejneger, 1887 (havaijinpitkäjalka) | `-- H. m. mexicanus (Statius Muller, 1776 [incl.? H. m. americanus?] (amerikanpitkäjalka) |-- H. novaezelandiae Gould, 1841 (mustapitkäjalka, kaki) `?- H. meridionalis (African Stilt; afrikanpitkäjalka) [not recognized by Peterson (2004)]
Reference(s):
- Baker, A. J., Pereira, S. L. & Paton, T. A., 2008: Phylogenetic relationships and divergence times of Charadriiformes genera: multigene evidence for the Cretaceous origin of at least 14 clades of shorebirds - Erratum.
–Biology Letters: Vol. 4, #6, pp. 762-763 [doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2006.0606erratum] - Baker, A. J., Pereira, S. L. & Paton, T. A., 2007: Phylogenetic relationships and divergence times of Charadriiformes genera: multigene evidence for the Cretaceous origin of at least 14 clades of shorebirds.
–Biology Letters: Vol. 3, #2, pp. 205-210 [doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2006.0606] - Campbell, K. E., 2002: A new species of Late Pleistocene lapwing from Rancho La Brea, California.
–The Condor: Vol. 104, pp. 170-174 - Ericson, P. G. P., 1997: Systematic relationships of the palaeogene family Presbyornithidae (Aves: Anseriformes).
–Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society: Vol. 121, #4, pp. 429-483 [doi: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.1997.tb01286.x] - Feduccia, A., 1980: The Age of Birds.
–Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts & London, England, 1980, IX-196 - Feduccia, A., 1996: The Origin and Evolution of Birds.
–Yale University Press, New Haven, 1996, x-420 - Holdaway, R. N., Worthy, T. H. & Tennyson, A. J. D., 2001: A working list of breeding bird species of the New Zealand region at first human contact.
–New Zealand Journal of Zoology: Vol. 28, pp. 119-187 - Lokki, J., Jännes, H. & Nikander, P. J., 1992: Otavan lintutieto.
–Kustannusosakeyhtiö Otava, Helsinki, Finland, 1992, pp. 1-440
Translated from: Perrins, C. M. (ed.), 1990: The Illustrated encyclopaedia of birds.
–Headline Book Publishing Plc., London, England, 1990 - Olson, S. L., 1985: The fossil record of birds. 79-239.
in Farner, D., King, J. & Parkes, K. (eds.), 1985: Avian Biology. vol VIII.
–Academic Press, New York. 1985. - Peterson, A. P., 2002-2017: Zoonomen Nomenclatural data of Birds. (Updated: 2004-12-24)
–iNet: Zoonomen Nomenclatural data: http://www.zoonomen.net/avtax/frame.html; [visited: 2016] - Sibley, C. G. & Monroe, B. L., 1990: Distribution and taxonomy of birds of the world.
–Yale University Press, New Haven & London, 1990. xxiv-1111. - Smith, N. A. & Clarke, J. A., 2012: Endocranial Anatomy of the Charadriiformes: Sensory System Variation and the Evolution of Wing-Propelled Diving.
–Plos One: Vol. 7, #11, art.nr. e49584 [doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049584] - Van Tuinen, M., Waterhouse, D. & J. Dyke, G., 2004: Avian molecular systematics on the rebound: a fresh look at modern shorebird phylogenetic relationships.
–Journal of Avian Biology: Vol. 35, #3, pp. 191-194 [doi: 10.1111/j.0908-8857.2004.03362.x]