After Larson, 1996, Fu, Wang, Zeng, Liu & Zheng, 2001, Gao & Shubin, 2003, and Frost et al., 2006, with species from Frost, 2000-2002 [“AMNH Amphibian species of the World”]
<==o Cryptobranchoidei Noble, 1931 sensu Frost et al., 2006 [taxonomic history] (giant salamanders, hellbenders; suursalamanterit) |--o Cryptobranchidae Fitzinger, 1826 [taxonomic history] (hellbenders; jättiläissalamanterit) | |-- †Chunerpeton tianyiensis Gao & Shubin, 2003, L.Cret. EAs. | |--o Cryptobranchus Leuckart, 1821 | | |?- †C. guildayi | | |?- †C. saskatchewanensis | | `-- C. alleghaniensis (liejupiru; hellbender) | `--o Andrias Tschudi, 1837 [Hydrosalamandra; Megalobatrachus; Plicagnathus; Proteocordylus; Sieboldia; Tritogenius; Tritomegas; Zaissanurus] (giant salamanders; jättiläissalamanterit) | |?- †A. scheuchzeri [“Homo diluvii testis”] | |-- A. davidianus (Chinese giant salamander; kiinanjättiläissalamanteri) | `-- A. japonicus (Japanese giant salamander; japaninjättiläissalamanteri) `--o Hynobiidae Cope, 1859 (1856) [taxonomic history] (kantasalamanterit) |?- Pachyhynobius shangchengensis Fei, Qu & Wu, 1983 [Xenopius] |?-o Pseudohynobius [2] | |-- P. flavomaculatus | `-- P. tsinpaensis |?- Protohynobius Fei & Ye, 2000 `--+--+-- Salamandrella keyserlingii Dybowski, 1870 [Hynobius keyserlingii] (siperiansalamanteri) | `-- Hynobius Tschudi, 1838 [Pachypalaminus] `--+--+-- Ranodon sibiricus Kessler, 1866 | `--o Onychodactylus Tschudi, 1838 (kynsisalamanterit) | |-- O. fischeri | `-- O. japonicus (japaninkynsisalamanteri) `--+-- Liua shihi `--o Batrachuperus Boulenger, 1878 [Paradactylodon] |?- B. gorganensis |?- B. mustersi |?- B. persicus |--+-- B. londongensis | `-- “B. tibetanus” [Hongya] `--+--+-- B. yenyuanensis | `--+-- B. pinchonii | `-- “B. tibetanus” [Pengxian] `--+-- B. sp. [Zhouzi] `--+--+-- “B. tibetanus” [Zhedoushan] | `-- B. karlschmidti [not recognized by Frost (2000-2002)] `-- B. tibetanus sensu stricto
Reference(s):
- Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698 - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
in Carroll, R. L. 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Frost, D. R., 2000: Amphibian species of the World: An Online Reference.
–iNet: American Museum of Natural History, Department of Herpetology: http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.html - Frost, D. R., Grant, T., Faivovich, J., Bain, R. H., Haas, A., Haddad, C. F. B., de Sá, R. O., Channing, A., Wilkinson, M., Donnellan, S. C., Raxworthy, C. J., Campbell, J. A., Blotto, B. L., Moler, P., Drewes, R. C., Nussbaum, R. A., Lynch, J. D., Green, D. M. & Wheeler, W. C., 2006: The amphibian tree of life.
–Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History: #297, pp. 1-370 - Fu, J., Wang, Y., Zeng, X., Liu, Z. & Zheng, Y., 2001: Genetic diversity of eastern Batrachuperus (Caudata: Hynobiidae).
–Copeia: Vol. 101, #4, pp. 1100-1107 - Gao, K.-Q. & Shubin, N. H., 2003: Earliest known crown-group salamanders.
–Nature: Vol. 422, pp. 424-428 - Larson, A., 1996: Caudata - Salamanders.
–iNet: The Tree of Life Project: http://tolweb.org/tree?group=Caudata&contgroup=Living_amphibians - Larson, A., 1996: Cryptobranchidae - Hellbenders.
–iNet: The Tree of Life Project: http://tolweb.org/tree&group=Cryptobranchidae&contgroup=Caudata - Larson, A., 1996: Hynopiidae.
–iNet: The Tree of Life Project: http://tolweb.org/tree&group=Hynobiidae&contgroup=Caudata