After Ford & Cannatella, 1993 (from Cannatella, Ford & Bockstanz, 1995-2003), Wang, Gao & Xu, 2000, and Gao & Wang 2001
Alternative phylogeny after Ford & Cannatella, 1993 (from Cannatella, Ford & Bockstanz, 1995-2003).
Alternative phylogeny after Haas, 2003.
<==o Bombinanura Ford & Cannatella, 1993 |?- †Enneabatracus hechti Evans & Milner, 1993 `--o Discoglossanura Ford & Cannatella, 1993 |--o Discoglossidae Günther, 1859 sensu Haas, 2003 | |-- †Callobatrachus sanyanensis Wang & Gao, 1999 | `--+--o †Eodiscoglossus | | |?- ?†E. sp. [Hateg Basin, Romania] [Folie & Codrea, 2005] | | |-- †E. oxoniensis | | `-- †E. santonjae | `--+-- Bombinatoridae | `-- Discoglossidae Günther, 1859 (levykielisammakot) |--+-- †Gobiatidae Rocek and Nesov, 1993 | `--o Pelobatoidea [paraphyletic Mesobatrachia] | |?- †Eopelobatidae [Eopelobatinae, incl. Gobiatidae Rocek & Nesov, 1993] | |-- Megophryidae | |-- Pelobatidae Bonaparte, 1850 (konnasammakot) | `-- Pelodytidae (sukeltajasammakot) [1/3] `?-o Pipanura Ford & Cannatella, 1993 |-- Pipoidea Fitzinger, 1843 (Pipa-like frogs; kielettömien sammakoidensukuiset sammakot) [paraphyletic Mesobatrachia] `-- Neobatrachia Reig, 1958 (“higher” frogs; uussammakot)
Note:
Family Gobiatidae was treated as independent family by Shishkin (2000). There is a possibility that it's a polyphyletic group, and that creatures within it belong to families Discoglossidae and Eopelobatidae.
Reference(s):
- Cannatella, D., Ford, L. & Bockstanz, L., 1995-2003: Salientia - Frogs and toads.
–iNet: The Tree of Life Project: http://tolweb.org/tree?group=Salientia&contgroup=Living_amphibians - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
in Carroll, R. L. 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. 698. - Estes, R. & Sanch´cz, B., 1982: New discoglossid and palaeobatracid frogs from the Late Cretaceous of Wyoming and Montana, and a review of other frogs from the Lance and Hell Creek Formations.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: vol. 2, #1,, pp. 9-20. - Evans, S. E. & Milner, A. R., 1993: Frogs and salamanders from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation (Quarry Nine, Como Bluff) of North America.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 13, #1, pp. 24-30 - Folie, A. & Codrea, V., 2005: New lissamphibians and squamates from the Maastrichian of Hateg Basin, Romania.
–Acta Palaeontologica Polonica: Vol. 50, #1, pp. 57-71 - Frost, D. R., 2000-2002: Amphibian species of the World: An Online Reference.
–iNet: American Museum of Natural History, Department of Herpetology: http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.html - Gao, K.-Q. & Wang, Y., 2001: Mesozoic anurans from Liaoning Province, China, and phylogenetic relationships of archaeobatrachian anuran clades.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 21, #3, pp. 460-476 - Haas, A., 2003: Phylogeny of frogs as inferred from primary larval characters (Amphibia: Anura).
–Cladistics: Vol. 19, #1, pp. 23-89 - Shishkin, M. A., 2000: Mezosoic amphibians from Mongolia and the Central Asiatic republics. 297-308
in Benton, M. J., Shishkin, M. A., Unvin, D. M. & Kurochkin, E. N., (eds.) 2000: The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia.
–Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000 xxxix-696 - Shubin, N. H. & Jenkins, F. A. Jr., 1995: An Early Jurassic jumping frog.
–Nature: Vol. 377, 7 September, pp. 49-52 - Trueb, L. & Báez, A. M., 2006: Revision of the Early Cretaceous Cordicephalus from Israel and an assessment of its relationships among pipoid frogs.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 26, #1, pp. 44-59 - Wang, Y., Gao, K.-Q. & Xu, X., 2000: Early evolution of discoglossid frogs: new evidence from the Mesozoic of China.
–Naturwissenschaften: Vol. 87, #8, pp. 417-420