After Janvier, 1981, Carroll, 1988, Janvier, 1997 [“The Tree of Life”], Adrian & Wilson, 1994, and Mark-Kurik & Janvier, 1995
<==o Osteostraci Lankester, 1868 [Cephalaspidiformes] |?- †Atelaspis tessellata [paraphyletic Ateleaspidae] |-- †Aceraspis robusta [Hemiteleaspis] [paraphyletic Ateleaspidae] |-- †Tuvaspis L. Dev. NAs. [paraphyletic Ateleaspidae] `--+-- †Hirella gracilis [Micraspis] L. Dev. Eu. [paraphyletic Ateleaspidae] |?- †Hemiteleaspis heintzii `--+-- †Hemicyclaspis murchisoni (Egerton, 1857) L. Dev. Eu. NNA. [paraphyletic Ateleaspidae] |?- †Tannuaspis L. Dev. NAs. [Tannuaspidida] `--o †Cornuta Janvier, 1985b [Cephalaspididae sensu lato??] |--o †Cephalaspidida Stensiö, 1964 | |--o †Cephalaspis [incl.? Alaspis; Camptaspis; Escuminaspis; Eucephalaspis; Minestaspis; Pattenaspis; Scolenaspis] U. Sil. L. Dev. Eu. L.-M. Dev. Spits. L. Dev. EAs. L.-U. Dev. NA. | | |-- †C. lyelli? | | |-- †C. magnifica Obruchev, 1961 | | |-- †C. microtuberculata [Alaspis] | | `-- †C. powriei | |-- †Hildenaspis | |-- †Mimetaspis | |-- †Parameteoraspis | `--o †Pattenaspis [synon. of Cephalaspis?] | |-- †P. deltoides | |-- †P. eurhynchus (Wängsjö, 1952) | `-- †P. rogalai (Balabai, 1962) `--+--o †Zenaspidida (Stensiö, 1958) Janvier, 1985b? [Zenaspididae Stensiö, 1958] | |?-o †Stensiopelta Janvier, 1985b; L.Dev. Eu. | | `-- †S. pustulata Janvier, 1985b | |?-o †Zychaspis Janvier, 1985; U.Sil. WEu., U.Dev. EEu. | | |-- †Z. granulata Voichyshyn, 1998 | | `-- †Z. siemiradzkii | |-- †Machairaspis | |-- †Scolenaspis | |?- †“Diademaspis”? mackenziensis Adrian & Wilson, 1994 | |--o †Tegaspis L.Dev. Spits. | | |-- †T. kolleri (Stensiö, 1927) | | `-- †T. pedata (Wängsjö, 1952) | |--o †Diademaspis Janvier, 1985b | | |-- †D. poplinae Janvier, 1985b | | |-- †D. jarviki (Wängshö, 1952) Janvier, 1985b [Cephalaspis jarviki Wängsjö, 1952] | | `-- †D. stensioei Afanassieva, 1989 | `--o †Zenaspis Lankester, 1870 sensu Janvier, 1985b; L.Dev. NWEu. EEu. Spits. | |-- †Z. salweyi (Egerton, 1857) [†Cephalaspis salweyi Egerton, 1867] | |?- †Z. metopias (Wängsjö, 1952) | |-- †Z. podolica (Balabai, 1962) | `-- †Z. dzieduszyckii Voichyshyn, 2006 `--+--o †Benneviaspidida Denison, 1951a (non Halstead Tarlo, 1967) sensu Janvier, 1985b, and Mark-Kurik & Janvier, 1995 | |-- †“Benneviaspis” lankesteri Stensiö | `--+-- †“Benneviaspis” anglica Stensiö | |-- †Tauraspis rara Mark-Kurik & Janvier, 1995; L. Dev. NAs. | `--+-- †Hapilaspis aphales Mark-Kurik & Janvier, 1995; L. Dev. NAs. | |--o †Benneviaspididae Denison, 1951 | | `--o †Benneviaspis Stebsiö, 1927 [Citharaspis] L. Dev. Eu. Spits. | | |-- †B. urvantsevi Mark-Kurik & Janvier, 1995; L. Dev. NAs. | | |-- †B. maxima | | |-- †B. holtedahli | | |-- †B. polonica | | |-- †B. whitei Belles-Isles & Janvier, 1984 | | `-- †B. (Citharaspis) junia | `--+-- †“Benneviaspis” longicornis | `--+-- †Hoelaspis angulata Stensiö, 1927 | `--+-- †Severaspis rostralis Mark-Kurik & Janvier, 1995; L. Dev. NAs. | `--o †Boreaspididae Stensiö, 1958 | |?- †Belonaspis | |?- †Dicranaspis | |?- †Spatulaspis | |-- †“Boreaspis” ceratops | `--o †Boreaspis Stensiö, 1927 sensu stricto?; U.Dev. Spits. | |-- †B. puella | `== 12 other species? `--+--o †Kiaeraspidida Stensiö, 1932 | |-- †Kieraspis L.Dev. Spits. [Kiaeraspididae] | |-- †Norselaspis glacialis Janvier, 1981 | `--o †Axinaspidoidea Janvier, 1981a | |-- †Axinaspis L.Dev. Spits. | |-- †Nectaspis L.-M.Dev. Spits. | `--o †Acrotomaspididae | |-- †Acrotomaspis L.Dev. Spits. | `-- †Gustavaspis `--o †Thyestiida Berg, 1940 |-- †Auchenaspis U.Sil. Eu. |-- †Procephalaspis U.Sil. Eu. `--+-- †Witaaspis U. Sil. EEu. |--o †Thyestidae?? | `--o †Thyestes [Auchenaspis] U.Sil.-L.Dev. Eu. | `-- †T. verrucosus `--o †Tremataspididae Woodward, 1891 sensu Janvier, 1981, 1985, 1996 |?- †Timanaspis U. Sil. EEu. L. Dev. Eu. |?-o †Dartmuthiidae | |--o †Dartmuthia [Lophosteus] U.Sil. Eu. | | `-- †D. gemmifera | |-- †Saaremaaspis [Dasylepis, ?Dictyolepis, Rotsikuellaspis] U. Sil. L. Dev. Eu. | `--o †Tyriaspis U.Sil. Eu. | `-- †T. whitei |?-o †Sclerodontidae | `-- †Sclerodus [Eukeraspis] L. Dev. Eu. `--o †Tremataspididae Woodward, 1891 [Tremataspidinae] |-- †Oeselaspis [?Trachylepis] U.Sil. Eu. `-- †Tremataspis [Odontododus, Stigmolepis] U. Sil. Eu.
†Osteostraci incertae sedis:
†Levesquaspis patteni (Robertson, 1936)
†Balticaspis latvica Lyarskaya, 1981
†Camptaspis utahensis Branson & Mehl, 1931 [nomen dubium?]
†Ectinaspis [Hoelaspis] L.Dev. Spits.
†Escuminaspis [synon. of Cephalaspis]
†E. laticeps (Traquair, 1880) [Cephalaspis rosamundae Roberts, 1937; Alaspis macrotuberculata Ørvik, 1957; †Alaspis rosamundae (juv.)] U.Dev. ENA.
†Securiaspis L.Dev. Eu. Spits.
†Superciliaspis gabrielsei (Dineley & Loeffler, 1976) Adrian & Wilson, 1994 [Cephalaspis? gabrielsei Dineley & Loeffler, 1976]
†Waengsjoeaspis Janvier, 1985b
†W. excellens (Wängsjö , 1952) Janvier, 1985b [†Cephalaspis excellens Wängsjö , 1952]
†W. vogti (Stensiö, 1927) Janvier, 1985b [†Cephalaspis vogti Stensiö, 1927]
†W. nahanniensis Adrian & Wilson, 1994
†Wladysagitta Voichyshyn, 2006; L.Dev. WEu. EEu.
†W. janvieri Voichyshyn, 2006
†W. acutirostris (Stensiö, 1932) [†Cephalaspis acutirostris (Stensiö, 1932)]
†Yvonaspis Otto & Laurin, 1999
†Turinea [Cephalopterus] L.Dev. Eu.
†Ilemoraspis L.Dev. EEu.
†I. kirkinskayae Afanassieva, 1991
Reference(s):
- Adrian, J. M. & Wilson, M. V. H., 1994: Early Devonian cephalaspids (Vertebrata: Osteostraci: Cornuata) from the southern Mackenzie Mountains, NorthWest Territories, Canada.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 14, #3, pp. 301-319 - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Janvier, P., 1981: The phylogeny of the Craniata,
with particular referance to the significance of fossil "agnathans".
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: vol. 1, #2, pp. 121-159. - Janvier , P., 1997: Vertebrata: Animals with backbones.
–iNet : Tree of Life; http://tolweb.org/tree/ - Janvier, P., Arsenault, M. & Desbiens, S., 2004: Calcified cartilage in the paired fins of the osteostracan Escuminaspis laticeps (Traquair, 1880), from the Late Devonian of Miguasha (Québec, Canada), with a consideration of the early evolution of the pectoral fin endoskeleton in vertebrates.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 24, #4, pp. 773-779 - Lundberg, J. G., 1995, 1997: Chordata.
–iNet : Tree of Life; http://tolweb.org/tree/ - Long, J. A., 1995: The Rise of Fishes: 500 million years of evolution.
–Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore & London, pp. 1-223 - Mark-Kurik, E. & Janvier, P., 1995:
Early Devonian osteostracans from Severnaya Zemlya, Russia.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 15, #3, pp. 449-462 - Nelson, J. S., 1994: Fishes of the world.
–John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, 1994, xx-600 - Otto, M. & Laurin, M., 2001: Microanatomy of the dermal skeleton of Balticaspis latvica (Osteostraci, Middle Devonian).
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 21, #1, pp. 186-189 - Sansom, R. S., 2009: Phylogeny, classification and character polarity of the Osteostraci (Vertebrata).
–Journal of Systematic Palaeontology: Vol. 7, #1, pp. 95-115 - Voichyshyn, V., 2006: New osteostracans from the Lower Devonian terrigenous deposits of Podolia, Ukraine.
–Acta Palaeontologica Polonica: Vol. 51, #1, pp. 131-142 [http://app.pan.pl/acta51/app51-131.pdf]