After Sansom, 2009 (fig. 5), and Scott & Wilson, 2014
Alternative (older) phylogeny after Janvier, 1981, Carroll, 1988, Janvier, 1997 [“The Tree of Life”], Adrian & Wilson, 1994, and Mark-Kurik & Janvier, 1995
<==o Osteostraci Lankester, 1868 [Cephalaspidiformes] |--o †Atelaspididae Traquair, 1899 sensu Sansom, 2009 | |-- †Hirella gracilis [Micraspis] L. Dev. Eu. [paraphyletic Ateleaspidae] | `--o †Atelaspidinae Traquair, 1899 sensu Sansom, 2009 | |-- †Aceraspis robusta [Hemiteleaspis] [paraphyletic Ateleaspidae] | `-- †Atelaspis tessellata [paraphyletic Ateleaspidae] `--+-- †Hemicyclaspis murchisoni (Egerton, 1857) L. Dev. Eu. NNA. `--o †Cornuta Janvier, 1985b sensu Sansom, 2009 |--o †Cephalaspis [incl.? Alaspis] [Camptaspis; Escuminaspis; Eucephalaspis; Minestaspis; Pattenaspis; Scolenaspis] U. Sil. L. Dev. Eu. L.-M. Dev. Spits. L. Dev. EAs. L.-U. Dev. NA. [Cephalaspidida Stensiö, 1964] | |-- †C. lyelli Agassiz, 1835 | |-- †C. producta Wängsjö, 1952 | |-- †C. cradleyensis Stensiö, 1932 | |-- †C. sollasi Stensiö, 1932 | |?- †C. magnifica Obruchev, 1961 | |?- †C. microtuberculata [Alaspis] | `?- †C. powriei `--+--o †Zenaspidida Stensiö, 1958 sensu Sansom, 2009 | |--o †Spangenhelmaspis Sansom, 2009 [Cephalaspis Agassiz, 1835; Stensiö, 1927 (in partim); Securiaspis Wängsjö, 1952 (in partim); Securiaspis Janvier, 1985b (in partim)] | | |-- †S. staxrudi (Stensiö, 1927) [Cephalaspis staxrudi Stensiö, 1927] | | `-- †S. quadrata (Wängsjö, 1952) [Securiaspis quadrata Wängsjö, 1952] | |--o †Parametereoaspididae Sansom, 2009 | | |-- †Parametereoraspis gigas | | `--+?- †Trewinia (sedis mutabilis) | | |-- †Balticaspis latvica Lyarskaya, 1981 [incl.? Afanassievaspis Otto & Laurin, 2001] | | `--+--o †Escuminaspis [synon. of Cephalaspis] | | | `-- †E. laticeps (Traquair, 1880) [Cephalaspis rosamundae Roberts, 1937; Alaspis macrotuberculata Ørvik, 1957; †Alaspis rosamundae (juv.)] U.Dev. ENA. | | `-- †Levesquaspis patteni (Robertson, 1936) | `--+?-o †Wladysagitta Voichyshyn, 2006; L.Dev. WEu. EEu. (sedis mutabilis) | | |-- †W. janvieri Voichyshyn, 2006 | | `-- †W. acutirostris (Stensiö, 1932) [†Cephalaspis acutirostris (Stensiö, 1932)] | `--o †Zenaspididae Stensiö, 1958 sensu Sansom, 2009 | |--o †Superciliaspididae Scott & Wilson, 2014 | | |-- †Glabrapelta minima Scott & Wilson, 2014 | | `--+-- †Dentapelta loefflerae Scott & Wilson, 2014 | | `-- †Superciliaspis gabrielsei (Dineley & Loeffler, 1976) Adrian & Wilson, 1994 [Cephalaspis? gabrielsei Dineley & Loeffler, 1976] | `--+--o †Scolenaspididae | | |-- †Scolenaspis signata | | |-- †Ukrainaspis kozlowskii (Zych, 1937) (Sansom, 2009 [Cephalaspis Agassiz, 1835; Zych, 1937 (in partim); Cephalaspis Agassiz, 1835; Janvier, 1985b, 1985e (in partim); Heraspis Afanessieva, 1991, 2004 (preoccupied) non Megistaspis (Heraspis) Wandås, 1983, a trilobite subgenus] | | `--o †Machairaspis | | |-- †M. ibex Wängsjö, 1952 | | `-- †M. corystis Wängsjö, 1952 | `--o †Zenaspididae Stensiö, 1958 sensu Scott & Wilson, 2014 | |--o †Tegaspis L.Dev. Spits. | | |-- †T. kolleri (Stensiö, 1927) | | `-- †T. pedata (Wängsjö, 1952) | `--+--o †Stensiopelta denison, 1951a; L.Dev. Eu. | | |-- †S. woodwardi (Stensiö, 1932) [Cephalaspis woodwardi Stensiö, 1932] | | `-- †S. pustulata Janvier, 1985b | `--+?- †“Diademaspis”? mackenziensis Adrian & Wilson, 1994 | |--o †Diademaspis Janvier, 1985b | | |-- †D. poplinae Janvier, 1985b | | |-- †D. jarviki (Wängsjö, 1952) Janvier, 1985b [Cephalaspis jarviki Wängsjö, 1952] | | `-- †D. stensioei Afanassieva, 1989 | `--o †Zenaspis Lankester, 1870 sensu Janvier, 1985b; L.Dev. NWEu. EEu. Spits. | |-- †Z. salweyi (Egerton, 1857) [†Cephalaspis salweyi Egerton, 1867] | |?- †Z. metopias (Wängsjö, 1952) | |-- †Z. podolica (Balabai, 1962) | `-- †Z. dzieduszyckii Voichyshyn, 2006 `--+--+?-+--o †Zychaspis Janvier, 1985; U.Sil. WEu., U.Dev. EEu. | | | |-- †Z. granulata Voichyshyn, 1998 | | | `-- †Z. siemiradzkii | | |--o †Pattenaspis [Cephalaspis (in partem)] | | | |-- †P. acuminata | | | |-- †P. deltoides | | | |-- †P. eurhynchus (Wängsjö, 1952) | | | `-- †P. rogalai (Balabai, 1962) | | `--+-- †Hildenaspis digitalis Janvier, 1976; E.Dev. CEu. | | `-- †Mimetaspis hoeli Stensiö, 1958 | `--+--+--o †Waengsjoeaspis Janvier, 1985b | | | |-- †W. excellens (Wängsjö , 1952) Janvier, 1985b [†Cephalaspis excellens Wängsjö , 1952] | | | |-- †W. vogti (Stensiö, 1927) Janvier, 1985b [†Cephalaspis vogti Stensiö, 1927] | | | `-- †W. nahanniensis Adrian & Wilson, 1994 | | `--+-- †Camptaspis utahensis Branson & Mehl, 1931 | | `--o †Yvonaspis Belles-Isles, 1989 [Cephalaspis (in partem)] | | |-- †Y. dawsoni (Lankester 1870) | | |-- †Y. jexi (Traquair 1893) | | |-- †Y. lunata (Pageau 1969) | | |-- †Y. peninsula (Pageau 1969) | | |-- †Y. syndenhami (Pageau 1969) | | `-- †Y. westolli (Russell 1954) | `--o †Benneviaspidida Denison, 1951a (non Halstead Tarlo, 1967) sensu Sansom, 2009 | |-- †Ectinaspis Wängsjö, 1952 [Hoelaspis] L.Dev. Spits. | `--+--o †Securiaspis Stensiö, 1932; L.Dev. Eu. Spits. | | |-- †S. kitchini Stensiö, 1932 | | `-- †S. kingi Stensiö, 1932 | `--+-- †“Benneviaspis” longicornis | `--+--o †Benneviaspis Stensiö, 1927 [incl. Citharaspis Afanassieva, 1989] L. Dev. Eu. Spits. [Benneviaspididae Denison, 1951] | | |-- †B. anglica Stensiö | | `--+-- †B. lankesteri Stensiö | | `--+-- †B. urvantsevi Mark-Kurik & Janvier, 1995; L. Dev. NAs. | | |-- †B. maxima | | |-- †B. holtedahli | | |-- †B. polonica Belles-Isles & Janvier, 1984 | | |-- †B. whitei Belles-Isles & Janvier, 1984 | | `-- †B. junia (Afanassieva, 1989) [Citharaspis junia Afanassieva, 1989] | `--o †Boreaspidoidei Stensiö, 1958 sensu Sansom, 2009 | |-- †Hoelaspis angulata Stensiö, 1927 | |-- †Severaspis rostralis Mark-Kurik & Janvier, 1995; L. Dev. NAs. | `--o †Boreaspididae Stensiö, 1958 | |-- †“Boreaspis” ceratops | |-- †“Boreaspis” intermedia | |--o †Boreaspis Stensiö, 1927 sensu stricto?; U.Dev. Spits. | | |-- †B. puella | | `== 12 other species? | |-- †Dicranaspis Janvier, 1985 [non Dicranaspis Mabille, 1878 (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae)] | `--+--o †Spatulaspis Janvier, 1985 | | |-- †S. costata (Wängsjö, 1952) | | `-- †S. robusta (Wängsjö, 1952) | `--+-- †Belonaspis datura Haeckel, 1881 | `--+-- †Hapilaspis aphales Mark-Kurik & Janvier, 1995; L. Dev. NAs. | `-- †Tauraspis rara Mark-Kurik & Janvier, 1995; L. Dev. NAs. `--o †Thyestiida Berg, 1940 sensu Sansom, 2009 [incl. Kiaeraspidida Stensiö, 1932; Tannuaspidida] |-- †Ilemoraspis kirkinskayaeObruchev, 1961; L.Dev. WSib. `--+-- †Procephalaspis oeselensis (Robertson, 1939) Denison, 1951 [Cephalaspis oeselensis Robertson, 1939] U.Sil. Eu. `--+-- †Auchenaspis salteri Egerton, 1857; U.Sil. Eu. `--+-- †Thyestes verrucosus [Auchenaspis] U.Sil.-L.Dev. Eu. [Thyestidae??] `--+-- †Witaaspis patteni U. Sil. EEu. `--+--o †Kiaeraspidoidea (Stensiö, 1932) Afanassieva, 1991 | |-- †Didymaspis grindrodi Lankester, ?1867 | `--o †Kiaeraspididae Stensiö, 1932 | |-- †Kieraspis L.Dev. Spits. | `--+?- †Norselaspis glacialis Janvier, 1981 (sedis mutabilis) | `--o †Axinaspidoidea Janvier, 1981a | |-- †Nectaspis Wängsjö, 1952; L.-M.Dev. Spits. | `--+-- †Axinaspis Wängsjö, 1952; L.Dev. Spits. | `--o †Acrotomaspidinae Janvier, 1981a | |-- †Acrotomaspis Wängsjö, 1952; L.Dev. Spits. | `-- †Gustavaspis trinodis (Wängsjö 1952) Janvier, 1981 `--o †Tremataspidoidea (Woodward, 1891) Afanassieva, 1991 sensu Sansom, 2009 |--o †Tyriaspis U.Sil. Eu. | `-- †T. whitei |-- †Saaremaaspis [Dasylepis; ?Dictyolepis; Rotsikuellaspis obrutchevi Robertson, 1938] U. Sil. L. Dev. Eu. `--o †Tremataspididae Woodward, 1891 |-- †Aestiaspis |--o †Dartmuthia [Lophosteus] U.Sil. Eu. [Dartmuthiidae] | `-- †D. gemmifera `--+-- †Timanaspis U. Sil. EEu. L. Dev. Eu. `--+--o Tremataspidinae Woodward, 1891 | |-- †Oeselaspis [?Trachylepis] U.Sil. Eu. | `-- †Tremataspis [Odontododus, Stigmolepis] U. Sil. Eu. `--+-- †Dobraspis `--+-- †Tannuaspis levenkoi Obruchev, 1956 [incl. Tuvaspis margaritae Obruchev, 1956] L. Dev. NAs. `-- †Sclerodus [Eukeraspis] L. Dev. Eu. [Sclerodontidae]
†Osteostraci incertae sedis:
†Tuvaspis L. Dev. NAs. [paraphyletic Ateleaspidae] †Hemiteleaspis heintzii Westoll, 1945 [=? Hemicyclaspis] †Turinea [Cephalopterus] L.Dev. Eu.
After Sansom, 2009 (fig. 5), and Scott & Wilson, 2014<==o Osteostraci |--o †Atelaspididae | |-- †Hirella | `--o †Atelaspidinae | |-- †Aceraspis | `-- †Atelaspis `--+-- †Hemicyclaspis `--o †Cornuta |--o †Cephalaspidida | `-- Cephalaspis `--+--o †Zenaspidida | |?- †Wladysagitta | |-- †Spangenhelmaspis | |--o †Parametereoaspididae | | |-- †Parametereoraspis | | `--+?- †Trewinia (sedis mutabilis) | | |-- †Balticaspis | | `--+-- †Escuminaspis | | `-- †Levesquaspis | `--o †Zenaspididae | |--+-- †Scolenaspis | | |-- †Ukrainaspis | | `--+-- †Machairaspis | | `-- †Superciliaspis | `--+-- †Tegaspis | `--+-- †Stensiopelta | `--+?- †“Diademaspis”? mackenziensis | |-- †Diademaspis | `-- †Zenaspis `--+--+?-+-- †Zychaspis | | |-- †Pattenaspis | | `--+-- †Hildenaspis | | `-- †Mimetaspis | `--+--+-- †Waengsjoeaspis | | `--+-- †Camptaspis | | `-- †Yvonaspis | `--o †Benneviaspidida | |-- †Ectinaspis | `--+-- †Securiaspis | `--+-- †“Benneviaspis” longicornis | `--+--o †Benneviaspididae | | `-- †Benneviaspis | `--o †Boreaspidoidei | |-- †Hoelaspis | |-- †Severaspis | `--o †Boreaspididae | |-- †“Boreaspis” ceratops | |-- †“Boreaspis” intermedia | |-- †Boreaspis | |-- †Dicranaspis | `--+-- †Spatulaspis | `--+-- †Belonaspis | `--+-- †Hapilaspis | `-- †Tauraspis `--o †Thyestiida |-- †Ilemoraspis `--+-- †Procephalaspis `--+-- †Auchenaspis `--+-- †Thyestes `--+-- †Witaaspis `--+--o †Kiaeraspidoidea | |-- †Didymaspis | `--o †Kiaeraspididae | |-- †Kieraspis | `--+?- †Norselaspis | `--o †Axinaspidoidea | |-- †Nectaspis | `--+-- †Axinaspis | `--o †Acrotomaspidinae | |-- †Acrotomaspis | `-- †Gustavaspis `--o †Tremataspidoidea |-- †Tyriaspis |-- †Saaremaaspis `--o †Tremataspididae |-- †Aestiaspis |--o †Dartmuthiidae | `-- †Dartmuthia `--+-- †Timanaspis `--+--o Tremataspidinae | |-- †Oeselaspis | `-- †Tremataspis `--+-- †Dobraspis `--+-- †Tannuaspis `--o †Sclerodontidae `-- Sclerodus |
After Janvier, 1981, Carroll, 1988, Janvier, 1997 [“The Tree of Life”], Adrian & Wilson, 1994, and Mark-Kurik & Janvier, 1995<==o Osteostraci Lankester, 1868 [Cephalaspidiformes] |?- †Atelaspis tessellata [paraphyletic Ateleaspidae] |-- †Aceraspis robusta [Hemiteleaspis] [paraphyletic Ateleaspidae] |-- †Tuvaspis L. Dev. NAs. [paraphyletic Ateleaspidae] `--+-- †Hirella gracilis [Micraspis] L. Dev. Eu. [paraphyletic Ateleaspidae] |?- †Hemiteleaspis heintzii `--+-- †Hemicyclaspis murchisoni (Egerton, 1857) L. Dev. Eu. NNA. [paraphyletic Ateleaspidae] |?- †Tannuaspis L. Dev. NAs. [Tannuaspidida] `--o †Cornuta Janvier, 1985b [Cephalaspididae sensu lato??] |--o †Cephalaspidida Stensiö, 1964 | |--o †Cephalaspis [incl.? Alaspis; Camptaspis; Escuminaspis; Eucephalaspis; Minestaspis; Pattenaspis; Scolenaspis] U. Sil. L. Dev. Eu. L.-M. Dev. Spits. L. Dev. EAs. L.-U. Dev. NA. | | |-- †C. lyelli? | | |-- †C. magnifica Obruchev, 1961 | | |-- †C. microtuberculata [Alaspis] | | `-- †C. powriei | |-- †Hildenaspis | |-- †Mimetaspis | |-- †Parameteoraspis | `--o †Pattenaspis [synon. of Cephalaspis?] | |-- †P. deltoides | |-- †P. eurhynchus (Wängsjö, 1952) | `-- †P. rogalai (Balabai, 1962) `--+--o †Zenaspidida (Stensiö, 1958) Janvier, 1985b? [Zenaspididae Stensiö, 1958] | |?-o †Stensiopelta Janvier, 1985b; L.Dev. Eu. | | `-- †S. pustulata Janvier, 1985b | |?-o †Zychaspis Janvier, 1985; U.Sil. WEu., U.Dev. EEu. | | |-- †Z. granulata Voichyshyn, 1998 | | `-- †Z. siemiradzkii | |-- †Machairaspis | |-- †Scolenaspis | |?- †“Diademaspis”? mackenziensis Adrian & Wilson, 1994 | |--o †Tegaspis L.Dev. Spits. | | |-- †T. kolleri (Stensiö, 1927) | | `-- †T. pedata (Wängsjö, 1952) | |--o †Diademaspis Janvier, 1985b | | |-- †D. poplinae Janvier, 1985b | | |-- †D. jarviki (Wängshö, 1952) Janvier, 1985b [Cephalaspis jarviki Wängsjö, 1952] | | `-- †D. stensioei Afanassieva, 1989 | `--o †Zenaspis Lankester, 1870 sensu Janvier, 1985b; L.Dev. NWEu. EEu. Spits. | |-- †Z. salweyi (Egerton, 1857) [†Cephalaspis salweyi Egerton, 1867] | |?- †Z. metopias (Wängsjö, 1952) | |-- †Z. podolica (Balabai, 1962) | `-- †Z. dzieduszyckii Voichyshyn, 2006 `--+--o †Benneviaspidida Denison, 1951a (non Halstead Tarlo, 1967) sensu Janvier, 1985b, and Mark-Kurik & Janvier, 1995 | |-- †“Benneviaspis” lankesteri Stensiö | `--+-- †“Benneviaspis” anglica Stensiö | |-- †Tauraspis rara Mark-Kurik & Janvier, 1995; L. Dev. NAs. | `--+-- †Hapilaspis aphales Mark-Kurik & Janvier, 1995; L. Dev. NAs. | |--o †Benneviaspididae Denison, 1951 | | `--o †Benneviaspis Stebsiö, 1927 [Citharaspis] L. Dev. Eu. Spits. | | |-- †B. urvantsevi Mark-Kurik & Janvier, 1995; L. Dev. NAs. | | |-- †B. maxima | | |-- †B. holtedahli | | |-- †B. polonica | | |-- †B. whitei Belles-Isles & Janvier, 1984 | | `-- †B. (Citharaspis) junia | `--+-- †“Benneviaspis” longicornis | `--+-- †Hoelaspis angulata Stensiö, 1927 | `--+-- †Severaspis rostralis Mark-Kurik & Janvier, 1995; L. Dev. NAs. | `--o †Boreaspididae Stensiö, 1958 | |?- †Belonaspis | |?- †Dicranaspis | |?- †Spatulaspis | |-- †“Boreaspis” ceratops | `--o †Boreaspis Stensiö, 1927 sensu stricto?; U.Dev. Spits. | |-- †B. puella | `== 12 other species? `--+--o †Kiaeraspidida Stensiö, 1932 | |-- †Kieraspis L.Dev. Spits. [Kiaeraspididae] | |-- †Norselaspis glacialis Janvier, 1981 | `--o †Axinaspidoidea Janvier, 1981a | |-- †Axinaspis L.Dev. Spits. | |-- †Nectaspis L.-M.Dev. Spits. | `--o †Acrotomaspididae | |-- †Acrotomaspis L.Dev. Spits. | `-- †Gustavaspis `--o †Thyestiida Berg, 1940 |-- †Auchenaspis U.Sil. Eu. |-- †Procephalaspis U.Sil. Eu. `--+-- †Witaaspis U. Sil. EEu. |--o †Thyestidae?? | `--o †Thyestes [Auchenaspis] U.Sil.-L.Dev. Eu. | `-- †T. verrucosus `--o †Tremataspididae Woodward, 1891 sensu Janvier, 1981, 1985, 1996 |?- †Timanaspis U. Sil. EEu. L. Dev. Eu. |?-o †Dartmuthiidae | |--o †Dartmuthia [Lophosteus] U.Sil. Eu. | | `-- †D. gemmifera | |-- †Saaremaaspis [Dasylepis, ?Dictyolepis, Rotsikuellaspis] U. Sil. L. Dev. Eu. | `--o †Tyriaspis U.Sil. Eu. | `-- †T. whitei |?-o †Sclerodontidae | `-- †Sclerodus [Eukeraspis] L. Dev. Eu. `--o †Tremataspididae Woodward, 1891 [Tremataspidinae] |-- †Oeselaspis [?Trachylepis] U.Sil. Eu. `-- †Tremataspis [Odontododus, Stigmolepis] U. Sil. Eu. |
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