After Armbruster, 2004, with Recent species from Froese & Pauly, 2001 [“The FishBase”]

<==o Neoplecostominae Regan, 1904 [paraphyletic!]
   |?- Pseudotocinclus tietensis (Ihering, 1907) [Otocinclus tietensis Ihering, 1907]
   |--o Hemipsilichthys Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 [Pareiorhaphis Miranda Ribeiro, 1918]
   |  |-- H. bahianus (Gosline, 1947) Armbruster, 2004 [Corymbophanes bahianus Gosline, 1947]
   |  |-- H. calmoni (Steindachner, 1907) [Pareiorhaphis cameroni (Steindachner , 1907); Miranda Ribeiro, 1918]
   |  |-- H. cerosus P. de Miranda-Ribeiro, 1951
   |  |-- H. garbei Ihering, 1911
   |  |-- H. gobio (Lütken, 1874)
   |  |-- H. mutuca de Oliveira & Oyakawa, 1999
   |  |-- H. nudulus Reis & Pereira, 1999
   |  |-- H. parmula (Pereira, 2005) [Pareiorhaphis parmula Pereira, 2005]
   |  |-- H. regani Giltay, 1936
   |  |-- H. stephanus de Oliveira & Oyakawa, 1999
   |  `-- H. vestigipinnis Pereira & Reis, 1992
   `--+--o Pareiorhina Gosline, 1947
      |  |-- Pareiorhina rudolphi (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1911) [Rhinelepis rudolphi Miranda-Ribeiro, 1911; Plecostomus (Rhinelepis) microps Ihering, 1907, non Plecostomus microps Steindachner, 1876]
      |  |?- Pareiorhina carrancas Bockmann & Ribeiro, 2003
      |  |?- Pareiorhina brachyrhyncha Chamon, Aranda & Buckup, 2005
      |  `--+-- Pareiorhina sp.
      |     `--+--o Isbrueckerichthys Derijst, 1996
      |        |  |-- I. alipionis (Gosline, 1947)
      |        |  `-- I. duseni (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1907)
      |        `--o Neoplecostomus Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1888
      |           |-- N. espiritosantensis Langeani, 1990
      |           |-- N. franciscoensis Langeani, 1990
      |           |-- N. granosus (Valenciennes, 1840)
      |           |-- N. microps (Steindachner, 1877)
      |           |-- N. paranensis Langeani, 1990
      |           |-- N. ribeirensis Langeani, 1990
      |           `-- N. variipictus Bizerril, 1995
      `--+--o Kronichthys Miranda-Ribeiro, 1908
         |  |-- K. heylandi (Boulenger, 1900)
         |  |-- K. lacerta (Nichols, 1919) [Plecostomus lacerta Nichols, 1919; Hypostomus lacerta (Nichols) Isbrücker, 1980; Kronichthys lacerta (Nichols) Armbruster & Page, 1997]
         |  `-- K. subteres Miranda-Ribeiro, 1908
         `--+?- Hemipsilichthys sp.
            `-- Hypoptopomatinae


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