After Armbruster, 2004, with recent species from Froese & Pauly, 2001 [“The Fishbase”]

<==o Chaetostoma Tschudi, 1845 [Hypocolpterus Fowler, 1943; Lipopterichthys Norman, 1935]
   |-- C. aequinoctiale Pellegrin, 1909
   |-- C. alternifasciatum Fowler, 1945
   |-- C. anale (Fowler, 1943)
   |-- C. anomalum Regan, 1903
   |-- C. branickii Steindachner, 1881
   |-- C. breve Regan, 1904
   |-- C. brevilabiatum Dahl, 1942
   |-- C. carrioni [=? Lipopterichthys carrioni Norman, 1935]
   |-- C. changae Salcedo, 2006
   |-- C. dermorhynchum Boulenger, 1887
   |-- C. dorsale Eigenmann, 1922
   |-- C. dupouii Fernández-Yépez, 1945
   |-- C. eptingi Fowler, 1941
   |-- C. fischeri Steindachner, 1879
   |-- C. guairense Steindachner, 1881
   |-- C. greeni Isbrücker, 2001 [C. maculatum Regan, 1904; non Chaetostoma [Ancistrus] cirrhosus var. maculata Steindachner, 1881]
   |-- C. jegui Rapp Py-Daniel, 1991
   |-- C. lepturum Regan, 1912
   |-- C. leucomelas Eigenmann, 1918
   |-- C. lineopunctatum Eigenmann & Allen, 1942
   |-- C. loborhynchos Tschudi, 1846
   |-- C. machiquense Fernández-Yépez & Martin S., 1953
   |-- C. marcapatae Regan, 1904
   |-- C. marginatum Regan, 1904
   |-- C. marmorescens Eigenmann & Allen, 1942
   |-- C. microps Günther, 1864
   |-- C. milesi Fowler, 1941
   |-- C. mollinasum Pearson, 1937
   |-- C. niveum Fowler, 1944
   |-- C. nudirostre Lütken, 1874
   |-- C. palmeri Regan, 1912
   |-- C. patiae Fowler, 1945
   |-- C. paucispinis Regan, 1912
   |-- C. pearsei Eigenmann, 1920
   |-- C. platyrhynchus (Fowler, 1943) [Cordylancistrus platyrhynchus (Fowler, 1943)]
   |-- C. sericeum Cope, 1872
   |-- C. sovichthys Schultz, 1944
   |-- C. stannii Lütken, 1874
   |-- C. tachiraense Schultz, 1944
   |-- C. taczanowskii Steindachner, 1882
   |-- C. thomsoni Regan, 1904
   |-- C. vagum Fowler, 1943
   |-- C. vasquezi Lasso & Provenzano, 1998
   |-- C. venezuelae (Schultz, 1944) [Corymbophanes venezuelae Schultz, 1944]
   `-- C. yurubiense Ceas & Page, 1996

Reference(s):