After Armbruster, 2004, with recent species from Froese & Pauly, 2001 [“The Fishbase”]

<==o Ancistrus Kner, 1854 [Xenocara Regan, 1904; Thysanocara Regan, 1906; Pristiancistrus Fowler, 1945] (bearded suckermouth catfishes; partamonnit) [51]
   |-- A. bodenhameri Schultz, 1944
   |-- A. bolivianus (Steindachner, 1915)
   |-- A. brevifilis Eigenmann, 1920
   |-- A. brevipinnis (Regan, 1904)
   |-- A. bufonius (Valenciennes, 1840)
   |-- A. caucanus Fowler, 1943
   |-- A. centrolepis Regan, 1913
   |-- A. chagresi Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889
   |-- A. cirrhosus (Valenciennes, 1836) (Jumbie teta)
   |-- A. claro Knaack, 1999
   |-- A. clementinae Rendahl, 1937
   |-- A. cryptophthalmus Reis, 1987
   |-- A. cuiabae Knaack, 1999
   |-- A. damasceni (Steindachner, 1907)
   |-- A. dolichopterus Kner, 1854 (helmipartamonni; Bushymouth catfish)
   |-- A. dubius Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889
   |-- A. erinaceus (Valenciennes, 1840)
   |-- A. eustictus (Fowler, 1945)
   |-- A. formoso Sabino & Trajano, 1997
   |-- A. fulvus (Holly, 1929)
   |-- A. galani Perez & Viloria, 1994
   |-- A. gymnorhynchus Kner, 1854
   |-- A. heterorhynchus (Regan, 1912)
   |-- A. hoplogenys (Günther, 1864)
   |-- A. jelskii (Steindachner, 1877)
   |-- A. latifrons (Günther, 1869)
   |-- A. leucostictus (Günther, 1864)
   |-- A. lineolatus Fowler, 1943
   |-- A. lithurgicus Eigenmann, 1912
   |-- A. macrophthalmus (Pellegrin, 1912)
   |-- A. maculatus (Steindachner, 1881) [Chaetostoma cirrhosus var. maculata Steindachner, 1881; non Chaetostoma maculatum Regan, 1904 = Chaetostoma greeni Isbrücker, 2001]
   |-- A. malacops (Cope, 1872)
   |-- A. maracasae Fowler, 1946
   |-- A. martini Schultz, 1944
   |-- A. mattogrossensis Miranda-Ribeiro, 1912
   |-- A. megalostomus Pearson, 1924
   |-- A. montanus (Regan, 1904)
   |-- A. multispinis (Regan, 1912)
   |-- A. nudiceps (Müller & Troschel, 1848)
   |-- A. occidentalis (Regan, 1904)
   |-- A. occloi Eigenmann, 1928
   |-- A. pirareta Müller, 1989
   |-- A. piriformis Müller, 1989
   |-- A. ranunculus Muller, Rapp Py-Daniel & Zuanon, 1994
   |-- A. spinosus Meek & Hildebrand, 1916
   |-- A. stigmaticus Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889
   |-- A. tamboensis Fowler, 1945
   |-- A. taunayi Miranda-Ribeiro, 1918
   |-- A. temminckii (Valenciennes, 1840)
   |-- A. triradiatus Eigenmann, 1918
   `-- A. variolus (Cope, 1872)

Reference(s):