After Carroll, 1988, and Nelson, 1994, with Recent species from Froese & Pauly, 2001 [“The Fishbase”]
<==o Scombridae Rafinesque-Schmaltz, 1815 (mackerels & tunas; makrillit ja tonnikalat) [paraphyletic] |-- †Amphodon [Scombramphodon] Eoc. Olig. Eu. |-- †Aramichthys Eoc. WAs. |-- †Ardiodus L. Eoc. Eu. |-- †Eocoelopoma L. Eoc. Eu. |-- †Eoscombrus Eoc. Olig. NA. |-- †Eothynnus [?Cariniceps, ?Coelocephalus, Phalacrus, ?Rhonchus] L. Eoc. Eu. Plioc. NAf. |?- †Helmstedtisuchus freyi Schleich and Windolf, 1994; Eoc. CEu. [originally described as eusuchian crocodile] |-- †Isurichthys orientalis Olig. Eu. Oc. |-- †Landanichthys L. Paleoc. WAf. |-- †Miothunnus Mioc. Eu. |-- †Megalolepis Olig. Eu. |-- †Neocybium Olig. Mioc. Eu. |-- †Ocystias Mioc. NA. |-- †Ozymandias Mioc. NA. |-- †Palaeothunnus U. Paleoc. SWAs. |-- †Palimphyes longirostratus [Krambergeria] Olig. Eu. |-- †Sarmata Mioc. Eu. |-- †Scombramphodon L. Eoc. Olig. Eu. |-- †Scombrinus Woodward, 1901; L. Eoc. Eu. |-- †Sphyraenodus [Dictyodus] Eoc. NAf. L. Eoc. Mioc. Eu. |-- †Starrias Mioc. NA. |-- †Stereodus Mioc. Eu. |-- †Tamesichthys L. Eoc. Eu. |-- †Tunita Mioc. NA. |-- †Wetherellus L. Eoc. Eu. |-- †Woodwardiella L. Eoc. Eu. |-- †Xestias Mioc. NA. |-- †Xiphopterus falcatus Eoc. Eu. |-- Matarchia Mioc. Eu. R. Oc. |-- Pelacybium Paleoc. Olig. Eu. Mioc. NA. Plioc. NAf. R. Oc. |-- Gasterochisma melampus Richardson, 1845 [Gasterochismatinae] (Butterfly kingfish) `--o Scombrinae Rafinesque-Schmaltz, 1815 (makrillit) |--+-- †Godsilia lanceolata (Agassiz, 1835) Monsch, 2006 [taxonomic history] | |-- Scombrini Rafinesque-Schmaltz, 1815 (makrillit) [2/6] | `-- Scomberomorini (espanianmakrillit) [2/19] |--o Grammatorcynus [Grammatorcynini] [2] | |-- †G. scomberoides | |-- G. bicarinatus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) (Shark mackerel) | `-- G. bilineatus (Rüppell, 1836) (Double-lined mackerel) |-- Sardini (bonnitot; bonitos) `-- Thunnini (tunas; tonnikalat, tunat; ) [N: 5/14] [FB: 5/15]
Reference(s):
- Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698 - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648
in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698 - Frickhinger, K. A., 1995: Fossil Atlas – Fishes.
–Mergus – Publishers for Natural History and Pet Books, Hans A. Baensch, Malle, Germany, 1-1088 - Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds), 2001: FishBase.
–iNet: www.fishbase.org - Lahti, S., Malmström, K. K., Koli, L., Leikola, A., Syrjämäki, J. & Lahti, J., 1980: Zoo, Suuri Eläinkirja 5: Kalat, sammakkoeläimet, matelijat.
–Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö, Porvoo-Helsinki-Juva, 1980
Original work [in French]: Beauté Du Monde Animal: IX Reptiles/Amphibiens & X Poissons.
–Rizzoli Editore, Milano, 1968 - Monsch, K. A., 2006: A revision of scombrid fishes (Scombroidei, Perciformes) from the Middle Eocene of Monte Bolca, Italy.
–Palaeontology: Vol. 49, #4, pp. 873-888 - Nelson, J. S., 1994: Fishes of the world.
–John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, 1994, xx-600