After Kullander, 1995-2002, with species from Froese & Pauly, 2001- [“The Fishbase”]

<==o Geophaginae
   |--o Geophagini
   |  |?- Taeniacara candidi Myers, 1935
   |  |--o Mikrogeophagus [Papiliochromis] [2]
   |  |  |-- M. altispinosus (Haseman, 1911)
   |  |  `-- M. ramirezi (Myers & Harry, 1948) [Papiliochromis ramirezi] (perhoskirjoahven; Ram cichlid; Blue Ram cichlid)
   |  `--+--o “Geophagus” brasiliensis -group
   |     |  `-- “Geophagus” brasiliensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) (Pearl cichlid; helmiäistonkija)
   |     |-- Geophagus (tonkijat) [19]
   |     |--o Biotodoma [4]
   |     |  |-- B. cupido (Heckel, 1840) (Greenstreaked eartheater)
   |     |  |-- B. wavrini (Gosse, 1963) (Orinoco eartheater)
   |     |  |-- B. dicentrarchus Kullander, 1989
   |     |  `-- B. opercularis (Steindachner, 1875)
   |     |--+--+-- Apistogrammoides pucallpaensis Meinken, 1965
   |     |  |  `-- Apistogramma Regan, 1913 [nom. nov. (pro Heterogramma Regan, 1906)]  [Heterogramma Regan, 1906, non Heterogramma Guenèe, 1854; Pintoichthys Fowler, 1954] (South American dwarf cichlids; apistos; apistot, kääpiökirjoahvenet) [62 sp. + atleast 25 undescribed (Kullander, 2004)]
   |     |  `--o Gymnogeophagus [8]
   |     |     |-- G. australis (Eigenmann, 1907) (Uruguayan eartheater)
   |     |     |-- G. balzanii (Perugia, 1891) (Argentine humphead)
   |     |     |-- G. gymnogenys (Hensel, 1870) (Smooth-cheek eartheater)
   |     |     |-- G. labiatus (Hensel, 1870)
   |     |     |-- G. lacustris Reis & Malabarba, 1988
   |     |     |-- G. meridionalis Reis & Malabarba, 1988
   |     |     |-- G. rhabdotus (Hensel, 1870) (Stripefin eartheater)
   |     |     `-- G. setequedas Reis, Malabarba & Pavanelli, 1992
   |     `--+--o “Geophagus” steindachneri -group
   |        |  `-- “Geophagus” steindachneri Eigenmann & Hildebrand, 1910 (Redhump eartheater)
   |        `--o Satanoperca [Geophagus in partim] (paholaistonkijat) [7]
   |           |-- S. acuticeps (Heckel, 1840) (Sharp-head eartheater; teräväkuonotonkija)
   |           |-- S. daemon (Heckel, 1840) (Three-spot eartheater; kolmitäplätonkija)
   |           |-- S. jurupari (Heckel, 1840) [Geophagus jurupari] (Demon eartheater; paholaistonkija)
   |           |-- S. leucosticta (Müller & Troschel, 1848) (White-spot eartheater; valkotäplätonkija)
   |           |-- S. lilith Kullander & Ferreira, 1988
   |           |-- S. mapiritensis (Fernández-Yépez, 1950)
   |           `-- S. pappaterra (Heckel, 1840)
   `--+--o Acarichthyini Kullander, 1989
      |  |-- Acarichthys heckelii (Müller & Troschel, 1849) (Threadfin acara)
      |  `--o Guianacara Kullander & Nijssen, 1989 [6]
      |     |-- G. (Oelemaria) oelemariensis Kullander & Nijssen, 1989
      |     `--o (Guianacara)
      |        |-- G. (G.) geayi (Pellegrin, 1902) [Aequidens geayi]
      |        |-- G. (G.) owroewefi Kullander & Nijssen, 1989
      |        |-- G. (G.) sphenozona Kullander & Nijssen, 1989
      |        |-- G. (G.) stergiosi López-Fernández, Taphorn Baechle & Kullander, 2006 [Acarichthys sp. “Rio Caura”; Guianacara sp. “Rio Caroni”]
      |        `-- G. (G.) cuyunii López-Fernández, Taphorn Baechle & Kullander, 2006
      `--o Crenicaratini
         |?- Mazarunia mazarunii Kullander, 1990
         |--o Biotodoma [4]
         |  |-- B. cupido (Heckel, 1840) (Greenstreaked eartheater)
         |  |-- B. wavrini (Gosse, 1963) (Orinoco eartheater)
         |  |-- B. dicentrarchus Kullander, 1989
         |  `-- B. opercularis (Steindachner, 1875)
         `--+--o Crenicara [2]
            |  |-- C. latruncularium Kullander & Staeck, 1990
            |  `-- C. punctulatum (Günther, 1863) Checkerboard cichlid
            `--o Dicrossus [2]
               |-- D. filamentosus (Ladiges, 1958) (Chessboard cichlid)
               `-- D. maculatus Steindachner, 1875

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