After Carroll, 1988, and Nelson, 1994, with Recent species from Froese & Pauly, 2001 [“The Fishbase”]
<==o Carapidae [Carapodidae; Fierasferidae] (neulakalat) [7/31] |--o Pyramodontinae [2/9] | |--o Pyramodon [4] | | |-- P. lindas Markle & Olney, 1990 | | |-- P. parini Markle & Olney, 1990 | | |-- P. punctatus (Regan, 1914) (Dogtooth pearlfish) | | `-- P. ventralis Smith & Radcliffe, 1913 | `--o Snyderidia [N: 5] [FB: 1] | |-- S. sp.1 | |-- S. sp.2 | |-- S. sp.3 | |-- S. sp.4 | `-- S. canina Gilbert, 1905 `--o Carapinae (neulakalat; pearlfishes) [5/27] |--o Echiodon [N: 11] [FB: 10] | |?- E. sp. | |-- E. coheni Williams, 1984 | |-- E. cryomargarites Markle, Williams & Olney, 1983 (Messmate) | |-- E. dawsoni Williams & Shipp, 1982 (Chain pearlfish) | |-- E. dentatus (Cuvier, 1829) | |-- E. drummondi Thompson, 1837 | |-- E. exsilium Rosenblatt, 1961 | |-- E. neotes Markle & Olney, 1990 | |-- E. pegasus Markle & Olney, 1990 | |-- E. pukaki Markle & Olney, 1990 | `-- E. rendahli (Whitley, 1941) |--o Eurypleuron [N: 2] [FB: 1] | |-- E. sp. | `-- E. owasianum (Matsubara, 1953) (Eel pearlfish) |--o Carapus [Disparichthys, Fierasfer] Olig. Mioc. NA. Mioc. Aus. R. Pac. Oc. [4] | |?- C. affinis [Fierasfer affinis] (amerikanneulakala) | |-- C. acus (Brünnich, 1768) [Fierasfer acus] (neulakala; Pearl fish) | |-- C. bermudensis (Jones, 1874) (Pearlfish) | |-- C. mourlani (Petit, 1934) (Star pearlfish) | `-- C. sluiteri (Weber, 1905) |--o Onuxodon [3] | |-- O. fowleri (Smith, 1955) (Fowler's pearlfish) | |-- O. margaritiferae (Rendahl, 1921) (Bivalve pearlfish) | `-- O. parvibrachium (Fowler, 1927) (Oyster pearlfish) `--o Encheliophis [Jordaniscus] [7] |-- E. boraborensis (Kaup, 1856) (Pinhead pearlfish) |-- E. dubius (Putnam, 1874) (Pacific pearlfish) |-- E. gracilis (Bleeker, 1856) (Graceful pearlfish) |-- E. homei (Richardson, 1846) (Silver pearlfish) |-- E. sagamianus (Tanaka, 1908) |-- E. vermicularis Müller, 1842 (Worm pearlfish) `-- E. vermiops Markle & Olney, 1990 (Pygmy pearlfish)
Reference(s):
- Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698 - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648
in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698 - Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds), 2001: FishBase.
–iNet: www.fishbase.org - Lahti, S., Malmström, K. K., Koli, L., Leikola, A., Syrjämäki, J. & Lahti, J., 1980: Zoo, Suuri Eläinkirja 5: Kalat, sammakkoeläimet, matelijat.
–Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö, Porvoo-Helsinki-Juva, 1980.
Original work [in French]: Beauté Du Monde Animal: IX Reptiles/Amphibiens & X Poissons.
–Rizzoli Editore, Milano, 1968 - Nelson, J. S., 1994: Fishes of the world.
–John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, 1994, xx-600