After Carroll, 1988, and Nelson, 1994, with Recent species from Froese & Pauly, 2001 [“The Fishbase”]
<==o Syngnathidae (merineulat) [52/215] [FB: 53/249] |-- †Calamostoma breviculum M. Eoc. Eu. |-- †Hipposyngnathus Mioc. Eu. |-- †Pseudosyngnathus opisthopterus M. Eoc. Eu. |--o Hippocampinae (seahorses; merihevoset) [1/25] | `-- Hippocampus (seahorses; merihevoset) [Nelson: 25] [Fishbase: 32] `--o Syngnathinae (merineulat) [Nelson: 51/190] [Fishbase: ] |--o Acanthonura [Amphelikturus] [5] | |-- A. australe Waite & Hale, 1921 (Southern little pipehorse) | |-- A. dendritica (Barbour, 1905) Pipehorse | |-- A. gracilissima (Temminck & Schlegel, 1850) (Bastard seahorse) | |-- A. larsonae Dawson, 1984 | `-- A. tentaculata Günther, 1870 |--o Anarchopterus [2] | |-- A. criniger (Bean & Dresel, 1884) (Fringed pipefish) | `-- A. tectus (Dawson, 1978) (Insular pipefish) |?- Apterygocampus epinnulatus Weber, 1913 |?-o Bhanotia [2] | |-- B. fasciolata (Duméril, 1870) | `-- B. nuda Dawson, 1978 (Naked pipefish) |--o Bryx [4] | |-- B. analicarens (Duncker, 1915) Pink pipefish | |-- B. dunckeri (Metzelaar, 1919) Pugnose pipefish | |-- B. randalli (Herald, 1965) | `-- B. veleronis Herald, 1940 |--o Bulbonaricus [Enchelyocampus] [3] | |-- B. brauni (Dawson & Allen, 1978) (Pugheaded pipefish) | |-- B. brucei Dawson, 1984 | `-- B. davaoensis (Herald, 1953) |--o Campichthys [4] | |-- C. galei (Duncker, 1909) (Gale's pipefish) | |-- C. nanus Dawson, 1977 | |-- C. tricarinatus Dawson, 1977 | `-- C. tryoni (Ogilby, 1890) (Tryon's pipefish) |--o Choeroichthys [6] | |-- C. brachysoma (Bleeker, 1855) (Short-bodied pipefish) | |-- C. cinctus Dawson, 1976 | |-- C. latispinosus Dawson, 1978 | |-- C. sculptus (Günther, 1870) (Sculptured pipefish) | |-- C. smithi Dawson, 1976 | `-- C. suillus Whitley, 1951 (Pig-snouted pipefish) |--o Corythoichthys [10] | |-- C. amplexus Dawson & Randall, 1975 (Brown-banded pipefish) | |-- C. flavofasciatus (Rüppell, 1838) (Network pipefish) | |-- C. haematopterus (Bleeker, 1851) (Messmate pipefish) | |-- C. insularis Dawson, 1977 | |-- C. intestinalis (Ramsay, 1881) (Scribbled pipefish) | |-- C. nigripectus Herald, 1953 (Black-breasted pipefish) | |-- C. ocellatus Herald, 1953 (Ocellated pipefish) | |-- C. paxtoni Dawson, 1977 | |-- C. polynotatus Dawson, 1977 (Many-spotted pipefish) | `-- C. schultzi Herald, 1953 (Schultz's pipefish) |--o Cosmocampus [13] | |-- C. albirostris (Kaup, 1856) (Whitenose pipefish) | |--o C. arctus (Jenkins & Evermann, 1889) | | |-- C. a. arctus (Jenkins & Evermann, 1889) (Snubnose pipefish) | | |-- C. a. coccineus (Herald, 1940) | | `-- C. a. heraldi (Fritzsche, 1980) | |-- C. balli (Fowler, 1925) (Ball's pipe fish) | |-- C. banneri (Herald & Randall, 1972) (Roughridge pipefish) | |-- C. brachycephalus (Poey, 1868) (Crested pipefish) | |-- C. darrosanus (Dawson & Randall, 1975) (D'Arros pipefish) | |-- C. elucens (Poey, 1868) (Shortfin pipefish) | |-- C. hildebrandi (Herald, 1965) (Dwarf pipefish) | |-- C. howensis (Whitley, 1948) | |-- C. investigatoris (Hora, 1926) | |-- C. maxweberi (Whitley, 1933) (Maxweber's pipefish) | |-- C. profundus (Herald, 1965) (Deepwater pipefish) | `-- C. retropinnis Dawson, 1982 |--o Doryichthys [5] | |-- D. boaja (Bleeker, 1851) (Long-snouted pipefish) | |-- D. contiguus Kottelat, 2000 | |-- D. deokhatoides (Bleeker, 1853) | |-- D. heterosoma (Bleeker, 1851) | `-- D. martensii (Peters, 1868) |--o Doryrhamphus [10] | |-- D. aurolineatus Randall & Earle, 1994 | |-- D. baldwini (Herald & Randall, 1972) (Redstripe pipefish) | |-- D. bicarinatus Dawson, 1981 (Narrowstripe pipefish) | |-- D. chapmani (Herald, 1953) | |-- D. dactyliophorus (Bleeker, 1853) (Ringed pipefish) | |--o D. excisus Kaup, 1856 | | |-- D. e. abbreviatus Dawson, 1981 | | |-- D. e. excisus Kaup, 1856 (Bluestripe pipefish) | | `-- D. e. paulus Fritzsche, 1980 | |-- D. janssi (Herald & Randall, 1972) (Janss' pipefish) | |-- D. japonicus Araga & Yoshino, 1975 | |-- D. multiannulatus (Regan, 1903) (Many-banded pipefish) | |--o D. negrosensis Herre, 1934 | | |-- D. n. malus (Whitley, 1954) (Masthead Island pipefish) | | `-- D. n. negrosensis Herre, 1934 (Negros pipefish) | `-- D. pessuliferus (Fowler, 1938) |--o Dunckerocampus [Acanthognathus] Olig. Mioc. Eu. R. Oc. [1 Recent species] | `-- D. boylei Kuiter, 1998 (Broad-banded Pipefish) |--o Enneacampus [2] | |-- E. ansorgii (Boulenger, 1910) | `-- E. kaupi (Bleeker, 1863) |?- Entelurus aequoreus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Snake pipefish) |--o Festucalex [6] | |-- F. cinctus (Ramsay, 1882) (Girdled pipefish) | |-- F. erythraeus (Gilbert, 1905) | |-- F. gibbsi Dawson, 1977 | |-- F. prolixus Dawson, 1984 | |-- F. scalaris (Günther, 1870) (Ladder pipefish) | `-- F. wassi Dawson, 1977 |?- Filicampus tigris (Castelnau, 1879) (Tiger pipefish) |--o Halicampus [12] | |-- H. boothae (Whitley, 1964) (Booth;s pipefish) | |-- H. brocki (Herald, 1953) (Brock's pipefish) | |-- H. dunckeri (Chabanaud, 1929) (Duncker's pipefish) | |-- H. edmondsoni (Pietschmann, 1928) (Edmondson's pipefish) | |-- H. grayi Kaup, 1856 (Gray's pipefish) | |-- H. macrorhynchus Bamber, 1915 (Ornate pipefish) | |-- H. marquesensis Dawson, 1984 | |-- H. mataafae (Jordan & Seale, 1906) (Samoan pipefish) | |-- H. nitidus (Günther, 1873) (Glittering pipefish) | |-- H. punctatus (Kamohara, 1952) (Starry pipefish) | |-- H. spinirostris (Dawson & Allen, 1981) | `-- H. zavorensis Dawson, 1984 (Zavora pipefish) |?- Haliichthys taeniophorus Gray, 1859 (Ribboned pipefish) |-- Heraldia nocturna Paxton, 1975 |--o Hippichthys [Bombonia] [5] | |-- H. cyanospilus (Bleeker, 1854) (Blue-spotted pipefish) | |-- H. heptagonus Bleeker, 1849 (Belly pipefish) | |-- H. parvicarinatus (Dawson, 1978) | |-- H. penicillus (Cantor, 1849) (Beady pipefish) | `-- H. spicifer (Rüppell, 1838) (Bellybarred pipefish) |?-o Histiogamphelus [2] | |-- H. briggsii McCulloch, 1914 (Briggs' pipefish) | `-- H. cristatus (Macleay, 1881) (Macleay's crested pipefish) |?-o Hypselognathus | |-- H. horridus Dawson & Glover, 1982 (Prickly pipefish) | `-- H. rostratus (Waite & Hale, 1921) (Knife-snouted pipefish) |?- Ichthyocampus carce (Hamilton, 1822) (Freshwater pipefish) |?- Kaupus costatus (Waite & Hale, 1921) |?- Kimblaeus bassensis Dawson, 1980 (Trawl pipefish) |?- Leptoichthys fistularius Kaup, 1853 (Brush-tailed pipefish) |--o Leptonotus [3] | |-- L. blainvilleanus (Eydoux & Gervais, 1837) (Deep-bodied pipefish) | |-- L. elevatus (Hutton, 1872) (Pipefish) | `-- L. norae (Waite, 1910) (Longsnout pipefish) |--o Lissocampus [5] | |-- L. bannwarthi (Duncker, 1915) | |-- L. caudalis Waite & Hale, 1921 (Smooth pipefish) | |-- L. fatiloquus (Whitley, 1943) (Prophet's pipefish) | |-- L. filum (Günther, 1870) (Shortsnout pipefish) | `-- L. runa (Whitley, 1931) (Javelin pipefish) |?-o Maroubra [2] | |-- M. perserrata Whitley, 1948 (Sawtooth pipefish) | `-- M. yasudai Dawson, 1983 (Orange pipefish) |--o Micrognathus [8] | |-- M. andersonii (Bleeker, 1858) (Shortnose pipefish) | |--o M. brevirostris (Rüppell, 1838) | | |-- M. b. brevirostris (Rüppell, 1838) | | `-- M. b. pygmaeus Fritzsche, 1981 (Thorntailed pipefish) | |-- M. crinitus (Jenyns, 1842) (Banded pipefish) | |-- M. ensenadae (Silvester, 1915) (Harlequin pipefish) | |-- M. erugatus Herald & Dawson, 1974 | |-- M. micronotopterus (Fowler, 1938) | |-- M. natans Dawson, 1982 | `-- M. vittatus (Kaup, 1856) |-- Microphis [Oostethus] [18] |?-o Minyichthys [3] | |-- M. brachyrhinus (Herald, 1953) | |-- M. myersi (Herald & Randall, 1972) (Myer's pipefish) | `-- M. sentus Dawson, 1982 |?-o Mitotichthys [4] | |-- M. meraculus (Whitley, 1948) (Western crested pipefish) | |-- M. mollisoni (Scott, 1955) (Mollison's pipefish) | |-- M. semistriatus (Kaup, 1856) (Half-banded pipefish) | `-- M. tuckeri (Scott, 1942) (Tucker's pipefish) |--o Nannocampus [4] | |-- N. elegans Smith, 1961 (Elegant pipefish) | |-- N. pictus (Duncker, 1915) (Reef pipefish) | |-- N. subosseus Günther, 1870 (Bony-headed pipefish) | `-- N. weberi Duncker, 1915 |--o Nerophis [3] | |-- N. lumbriciformis (Jenyns, 1835) (Worm pipefish) | |-- N. maculatus Rafinesque, 1810 | `-- N. ophidion (Linnaeus, 1758) (siloneula; Straightnose pipefish) |?- Notiocampus ruber (Ramsay & Ogilby, 1886) (Red pipefish) |--o Penetopteryx [2] | |-- P. nanus (Rosén, 1911) (Lost pipefish) | `-- P. taeniocephalus Lunel, 1881 |?-o Phoxocampus [3] | |-- P. belcheri (Kaup, 1856) (Rock pipefish) | |-- P. diacanthus (Schultz, 1943) (Spined pipefish) | `-- P. tetrophthalmus (Bleeker, 1858) |?- Phycodurus eques (Günther, 1865) (Leafy seadragon) |-- Phyllopteryx taeniolatus (Lacépède, 1804) (Common seadragon) |?-o Pseudophallus [3] | |-- P. elcapitanensis (Meek & Hildebrand, 1914) | |-- P. mindii (Meek & Hildebrand, 1923) | `-- P. starksii (Jordan & Culver, 1895) |?- Pugnaso curtirostris (Castelnau, 1872) (Pug-nosed pipefish) |--o Siokunichthys [5] | |-- S. bentuviai Clark, 1966 | |-- S. breviceps Smith, 1963 | |-- S. herrei Herald, 1953 | |-- S. nigrolineatus Dawson, 1983 | `-- S. southwelli (Duncker, 1910) (Southwell's pipefish) |--o Solegnathus [5] | |-- S. dunckeri Whitley, 1927 | |-- S. hardwickii (Gray, 1830) (Hardwicke's pipefish) | |-- S. lettiensis Bleeker, 1860 (Günther's pipehorse) | |-- S. robustus McCulloch, 1911 (Robust pipehorse) | `-- S. spinosissimus (Günther, 1870) (Spiny pipehorse) |?-o Stigmatopora [3] | |-- S. argus (Richardson, 1840) (Spotted pipefish) | |-- S. macropterygia Duméril, 1870 (Long-snouted pipefish) | `-- S. nigra Kaup, 1856 (Wide-bodied pipefish) |?- Stipecampus cristatus (McCulloch & Waite, 1918) (Ring-backed pipefish) |-- Syngnathoides biaculeatus (Bloch, 1785) Alligator pipefish |-- Syngnathus [Siphonostoma] M. Eoc. Plioc. Eu. Mioc. NA. Plioc. NAf. R. Oc. [28] |?- Siphonostoma typhle (särmäneula) |?-o Trachyrhamphus [3] | |-- T. bicoarctatus (Bleeker, 1857) (Double-ended pipefish) | |-- T. longirostris Kaup, 1856 | `-- T. serratus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1850) |?-o Urocampus [2] | |-- U. carinirostris Castelnau, 1872 (Hairy pipefish) | `-- U. nanus Günther, 1870 (Barbed pipefish) `?-o Vanacampus [4] |-- V. margaritifer (Peters, 1868) (Mother-of-pearl pipefish) |-- V. phillipi (Lucas, 1891) (Port Phillip pipefish) |-- V. poecilolaemus (Peters, 1868) `-- V. vercoi (Waite & Hale, 1921) (Verco's pipefish)
Reference(s):
- Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698 - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648
in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698 - Frickhinger, K. A., 1995: Fossil Atlas – Fishes.
–Mergus – Publishers for Natural History and Pet Books, Hans A. Baensch, Malle, Germany, 1-1088 - Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds), 2001: FishBase.
–iNet: www.fishbase.org - Lahti, S., Malmström, K. K., Koli, L., Leikola, A., Syrjämäki, J. & Lahti, J., 1980: Zoo, Suuri Eläinkirja 5: Kalat, sammakkoeläimet, matelijat.
–Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö, Porvoo-Helsinki-Juva, 1980.
Original work [in French]: Beauté Du Monde Animal: IX Reptiles/Amphibiens & X Poissons.
–Rizzoli Editore, Milano, 1968 - Nelson, J. S., 1994: Fishes of the world.
–John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, 1994, xx-600