After Nelson, 1994, with Recent species from Froese & Pauly, 2001 [“The Fishbase”]
<==o Clupeidae Cuvier, 1817 (herrings & sardines; sillit) |?- †Audenaerdia casieri (Taverne, 1969) Taverne, 1973 [Clupavus casieri Taverne, 1969] |?- †Austroclupea zuninoi Bardack, 1961; Plioc. SAm. |?- †Primisardinella gentrix Daniltshenko, 1968 |?- †Sahelinia Arambourg, 1927 |?- Stolothrissa tanganicae Regan, 1917 (Lake Tanganyika sprat) |--o Dussumieriinae (pyörösillit; round herrings) | |--o Dussumieria | | |-- D. acuta Valenciennes, 1847 (Rainbow sardine) | | `-- D. elopsoides Bleeker, 1849 (Slender rainbow sardine) | |--o Etrumeus [Halecula, Parahalecula] Olig. WAs. Mioc. Plioc. Eu. Plioc. NAf. R. Oc. | | |-- E. teres (DeKay, 1842) (Round herring) | | `-- E. whiteheadi Wongratana, 1983 (Whitehead's round herring) | |--o Jenkinsia | | |-- J. lamprotaenia (Gosse, 1851) (Dwarf round herring) | | |-- J. majua Whitehead, 1963 (Little-eye round herring) | | |-- J. parvula Cervigón & Velasquez, 1978 (Short-striped round herring) | | `-- J. stolifera (Jordan & Gilbert, 1884) (Florida round herring) | |?- †Luisiella inexcutata Bocchino, 1967 [currently a basal teleostean?] | `--o Spratelloides | |-- †S. gracilis | |-- S. delicatulus (Bennett, 1832) (Delicate round herring) | |-- S. gracilis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) (Silver-stripe round herring) | |-- S. lewisi Wongratana, 1983 (Lewis' round herring) | `-- S. robustus Ogilby, 1897 (Fringe-scale round herring) `--+--o Pellonulinae (freshwater herrings; makeanveden sillit) | |?-o †Knightia [Ellimma?, Ellipos] Eoc. SA. NA. | | |-- †K. alta | | |-- †K. eocaena Jordan, 1907 | | `-- †K. vetusta | |?- Congothrissa gossei Poll, 1964 [Congothrissidae Gourène & Teugels, 1994] (Smooth-belly pellonuline) | |--o Pellonulini | | |--o Clupeoides | | | |-- C. borneensis Bleeker, 1851 (Borneo river sprat) | | | |-- C. hypselosoma Bleeker, 1866 (Kalimantan river sprat) | | | |-- C. papuensis (Ramsay & Ogilby, 1886) (Papuan river sprat) | | | `-- C. venulosus Weber & de Beaufort, 1912 (West Irian river sprat) | | |--o Cynothrissa | | | |-- C. ansorgii (Boulenger, 1910) (Ansorge's fangtooth pellonuline) | | | `-- C. mento Regan, 1917 (Nigerian fangtooth pellonuline) | | |--o Hyperlophus | | | |-- H. translucidus McCulloch, 1917 (Transparent sandy sprat) | | | `-- H. vittatus (Castelnau, 1875) (Sandy sprat) | | |?- Laeviscutella dekimpei Poll, Whitehead & Hopson, 1965 (Roundbelly pellonuline) | | |-- Limnothrissa miodon (Boulenger, 1906) (Tanganyikansardilli; Lake Tanganyika sardine) | | |--o Microthrissa | | | |-- M. congica (Regan, 1917) (Bigscale pellonuline) | | | |-- M. minuta Poll, 1974 (Dungu sprat) | | | |-- M. royauxi Boulenger, 1902 (Royal sp)rat) | | | `-- M. whiteheadi Gourène & Teugels, 1988 | | |?-o Odaxothrissa | | | |-- O. losera Boulenger, 1899 (Losera fangtooth pellonuline) | | | `-- O. vittata Regan, 1917 (Regan's fangtooth pellonuline) | | |--o Pellonula | | | |-- P. leonensis Boulenger, 1916 (Smalltoothed pellonula) | | | `-- P. vorax Günther, 1868 (Bigtoothed pellonula) | | |?-o Poecilothrissa | | | |-- P. centralis Poll, 1974 (Central Zaire pellonuline) | | | `-- P. moeruensis Poll, 1948 (Lake Mweru sprat) | | |-- Potamalosa richmondia (Macleay, 1879) (Australian freshwater herring) | | |--o Potamothrissa | | | |-- P. acutirostris (Boulenger, 1899) (Sharpnosed sawtooth pellonuline) | | | |-- P. obtusirostris (Boulenger, 1909) (Bluntnosed sawtooth pellonuline) | | | `-- P. whiteheadi Poll, 1974 (Whitehead's sawtooth pellonuline) | | |-- Sierrathrissa leonensis Thys van den Audenaerde, 1969 (West African pygmy herring) | | `-- Stalothrissa | `--o Ehiravini Grande, 1985? [have been treated as dussumieriines] | |--o Clupeichthys | | |-- C. aesarnensis Wongratana, 1983 (Thai river sprat) | | |-- C. bleekeri (Hardenberg, 1936) (Kapuas river sprat) | | |-- C. goniognathus Bleeker, 1855 (Sumatran river sprat) | | `-- C. perakensis (Herre, 1936) (Perak river sprat) | |--o Corica | | |-- C. laciniata Fowler, 1935 (Bangkok river sprat) | | `-- C. soborna Hamilton, 1822 (Ganges river sprat) | `--+-- Dayella malabarica (Day, 1873) (Day's round herring) | |-- Ehirava fluviatilis Deraniyagala, 1929 (Malabar sprat) | |-- Gilchristella aestuarius (Gilchrist, 1913) (Gilchrist's round herring) | `--+--o Sauvagella) Bertin, 1940 | | |-- S. madagascariensis (Sauvage, 1883) [taxonomic history] (Madagascar round herring) | | `-- S. robusta Stiassny, 2002 | `-- Spratellomorpha bianalis (Bertin, 1940) Bertin, in Angel et al., 1946 [Sauvagella madagascariensis bianalis Bertin, 1940] (Two-finned round herring) |--o Dorosomatinae (gizzard shads) | |--o Anodontostoma | | |-- A. chacunda (Hamilton, 1822) (Chacunda gizzard shad) | | |-- A. selangkat (Bleeker, 1852) (Indonesian gizzard shad) | | `-- A. thailandiae Wongratana, 1983 (Thai gizzard shad) | |-- Clupanodon thrissa (Linnaeus, 1758) (Chinese gizzard shad) | |--o Dorosoma | | |-- D. anale Meek, 1904 (Mexican river gizzard shad) | | |-- D. cepedianum (Lesueur, 1818) (American gizzard shad) | | |-- D. chavesi Meek, 1907 (Nicaragua gizzard shad) | | |-- D. petenense (Günther, 1867) (Threadfin shad) | | `-- D. smithi Hubbs & Miller, 1941 (Pacific gizzard shad) | |?-o Gonialosa | | |-- G. manmina (Hamilton, 1822) (Ganges river gizzard shad) | | |-- G. modesta (Day, 1870) (Burmese river gizzard shad) | | `-- G. whiteheadi Wongratana, 1983 (Southern Burmese river gizzard shad) | |-- Konosirus punctatus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) (Konoshiro gizzard shad) | |--o Nannothrissa Poll, 1965 | | |-- N. parva (Regan, 1917) (Lake Tumba dwarf sprat) | | `-- N. stewarti Poll & Roberts, 1976 (Mai-ndombe dwarf sprat) | |--o Nematalosa | | |-- N. arabica Regan, 1917 (Arabian gizzard shad) | | |-- N. come (Richardson, 1846) (Western Pacific gizzard shad) | | |-- N. erebi (Günther, 1868) (Australian river gizzard shad) | | |-- N. flyensis Wongratana, 1983 (Fly river gizzard shad) | | |-- N. galatheae Nelson & Rothman, 1973 (Galathea gizzard shad) | | |-- N. japonica Regan, 1917 (Japanese gizzard shad) | | |-- N. nasus (Bloch, 1795) (Bloch's gizzard shad) | | |-- N. papuensis (Munro, 1964) (Strickland river gizzard shad) | | |-- N. persara Nelson & McCarthy, 1995 | | |-- N. resticularia Nelson & McCarthy, 1995 | | `-- N. vlaminghi (Munro, 1956) (Western Australian gizzard shad) | |--o Rhinosardinia | | |-- R. amazonica (Steindachner, 1879) [Rhinosardinia serrata Eigenmann, 1912] (Amazon spinejaw sprat) | | `-- R. bahiensis (Steindachner, 1879) (Bahia sprat) | `-- Thrattidion noctivagus Roberts, 1972 (Sanaga pygmy herring) `--+?- †Chasmoclupea aegyptica Murray, Simons & Attia, 2005 |--o Alosinae (shads) [7/31] | |?- †“Pomolobus” antiquus | |--o Alosa [Alausa; Caspialos; Clupeonella; Pomolobus] ?Eoc. NA. Olig. Plioc. Eu. Plioc. NAf. Plioc. R. WAs. R. Oc. | | |-- †A. elongata | | |-- A. aestivalis (Mitchill, 1814) [Pomolobus aestivalis] (Blueback shad) | | |-- A. agone (Scopoli, 1786) | | |-- A. alabamae Jordan & Evermann, 1896 (Alabama shad) | | |-- A. alosa (Linnaeus, 1758) (pilkkusilli; Allis shad) | | |-- A. brashnikovi (Borodin, 1904) (Caspian marine shad) | | |--o A. caspia (Eichwald, 1838) (Caspian shad) | | | |-- A. c. caspia (Eichwald, 1838) (Caspian shad) | | | |-- A. c. knipowitschi (Iljin, 1927) (Enzeli shad) | | | `-- A. c. persica (Iljin, 1927) (Astrabad shad) | | |-- A. chrysochloris (Rafinesque, 1820) [Pomolobus chrysochloris Rafinesque, 1820] (Skipjack shad) | | |-- A. fallax (Lacépède, 1803) (täpläsilli; Twaite shad) | | |-- A. kessleri (Grimm, 1887) (Caspian anadromous shad) | | |-- A. macedonica (Vinciguerra, 1921) (Macedonia shad) | | |-- A. maeotica (Grimm, 1901) (Black sea shad) | | |-- A. mediocris (Mitchill, 1814) [Pomolobus mediocris] (Hickory shad) | | |-- A. pontica (Eichwald, 1838) (Pontic shad) | | |-- A. pseudoharengus (Wilson, 1811) [Pomolobus pseudoharengus] (Alewife) | | |-- A. sapidissima (Wilson, 1811) (American shad) | | |-- A. saposhnikovi (Grimm, 1887) (Saposhnikovi shad) | | |-- A. sphaerocephala (Berg, 1913) (Agrakhan shad) | | |-- A. tanaica (Grimm, 1901) (Azov shad)) | | `-- A. vistonica Economidis & Sinis, 1986 | |--o Brevoortia Plioc. NAf. R. Oc. [6] | | |-- B. aurea (Spix & Agassiz, 1829) (Brazilian menhaden) | | |-- B. gunteri Hildebrand, 1948 (Finescale menhaden) | | |-- B. patronus Goode, 1878 (Gulf menhaden) | | |-- B. pectinata (Jenyns, 1842) (Argentine menhaden) | | |-- B. smithi Hildebrand, 1941 (Yellowfin menhaden) | | `-- B. tyrannus (Latrobe, 1802) (Atlantic menhaden) | |?- Caspialosa curensis (Suvorov, 1907) Kura shad | |-- Ethmalosa fimbriata (Bowdich, 1825) [Ethmalosa dorsalis] (afrikansardiini, bonga; Bonga shad) | |-- Ethmidium maculatum (Valenciennes, 1847) (Pacific menhaden) | |--o Gudusia | | |-- G. chapra (Hamilton, 1822) (Indian river shad) | | `-- G. variegata (Day, 1870) (Burmese river shad) | |-- Hilsa kelee (Cuvier, 1829) (Kelee shad) | `--o Tenualosa | |-- T. ilisha (Hamilton, 1822) (Hilsa shad) | |-- T. macrura (Bleeker, 1852) (Longtail shad) | |-- T. reevesii (Richardson, 1846) (Reeve's shad) | |-- T. thibaudeaui (Durand, 1940) (Laotian shad) | `-- T. toli (Valenciennes, 1847) (Toli shad) `--o Clupeinae Cuvier, 1817 (herrings; sillit) [16/72] |-- †Audenaerdia casieri Taverne 1973 [Clupavus casieri] L.Cret. |?- †Bolcaichthys catopygopterus (Woodward, 1901) Marramà & Carnevale, 2015 [Clupea catopygoptera Agassiz, 1835-1844 (nomen nudum); Clupea catopygoptera Woodward, 1901; Clupea catopterygia Eastman, 1911; ‘Clupea’ catopygoptera Grande, 1985] |-- †Gosiutichthys parvus Eoc. NA. |--o Amblygaster | |-- A. clupeoides Bleeker, 1849 (Bleeker smoothbelly sardinella) | |-- A. leiogaster (Valenciennes, 1847) (Smooth-belly sardinella) | `-- A. sirm (Walbaum, 1792) (Spotted sardinella) |--o Clupea Linnaeus, 1758 [Alonsina; Clupeops; Sahelinia] Eoc. Pleist. Eu. Olig. SA. Mioc. WAs. EInd. Plioc. NAf. R. Oc. (sillit) | |?- †“Clupea” inflata Vukotinovi´c, 1870 | |-- †C. humilis | |-- C. bentincki Norman, 1936 [Strangomera bentincki (Norman, 1936)] (Araucanian herring) | |--o C. harengus Linnaeus, 1758 (silli; Atlantic herring) | | |-- C. h. harengus Linnaeus, 1758 (silli; Atlantic herring) | | `-- C. h. membras Linnaeus, 1761 (silakka; Baltic herring) | `--o C. pallasii Valenciennes, 1847 (tyynenmerensilli; Pacific herring) | |-- C. p. pallasii Valenciennes, 1847 (tyynenmerensilli; Pacific herring) | |-- C. p. marisalbi Berg, 1923 (vienanmerensilli; White Sea herring) | `-- C. p. suworowi Rabinerson, 1927 (Chosa herring) |--o Clupeonella | |--o C. abrau (Malyatskii, 1930) (Abrau sprat) | | |-- C. a. abrau (Malyatskii, 1930) (Abrau sprat) | | `-- C. a. muhlisi Neu, 1934 | |-- C. cultriventris (Nordmann, 1840) (Black Sea sprat) | |-- C. engrauliformis (Borodin, 1904) (Anchovy sprat) | `-- C. grimmi Kessler, 1877 (Southern Caspian sprat) |--o Escualosa | |-- E. elongata Wongratana, 1983 (Slender white sardine) | `-- E. thoracata (Valenciennes, 1847) (White sardine) |--o Harengula | |-- H. clupeola (Cuvier, 1829) (False herring) | |-- H. humeralis (Cuvier, 1829) (Redear herring) | |-- H. jaguana Poey, 1865 (Scaled herring) | `-- H. thrissina (Jordan & Gilbert, 1882) (Pacific flatiron herring) |--o Herklotsichthys | |-- H. blackburni (Whitley, 1948) (Blackburn's herring) | |-- H. castelnaui (Ogilby, 1897) (Castelnau's herring) | |-- H. collettei Wongratana, 1987 | |-- H. dispilonotus (Bleeker, 1852) (Blacksaddle herring) | |-- H. gotoi Wongratana, 1983 (Goto's herring) | |-- H. koningsbergeri (Weber & de Beaufort, 1912) (Koningsberger's herring) | |-- H. lippa (Whitley, 1931) (Australian spotted herring) | |-- H. lossei Wongratana, 1983 (Gulf herring) | |-- H. punctatus (Rüppell, 1837) (Spotback herring) | |-- H. quadrimaculatus (Rüppell, 1837) (Bluestripe herring) | |-- H. sp. [Species C, Wongratana, 1987] | `-- H. spilurus (Guichenot, 1863) (Reunion herring) |--o Lile | |-- L. gracilis Castro-Aguirre & Vivero, 1990 (Graceful piquitinga) | |-- L. piquitinga (Schreiner & Miranda-Ribeiro, 1903) (Atlantic piquitinga) | `-- L. stolifera (Jordan & Gilbert, 1882) (Pacific piquitinga) |--o Opisthonema Mioc. NA. R. Oc. | |-- O. berlangai Berry & Barrett, 1963 (Galapagos thread herring) | |-- O. bulleri (Regan, 1904) (Slender thread herring) | |-- O. libertate (Günther, 1867) (Pacific thread herring) | |-- O. medirastre Berry & Barrett, 1963 (Middling thread herring) | `-- O. oglinum (Lesueur, 1818) (Atlantic thread herring) |-- Platanichthys platana (Regan, 1917) (River Plate sprat) |--o Ramnogaster | |-- R. arcuata (Jenyns, 1842) (Jenyns's sprat) | `-- R. melanostoma (Eigenmann, 1907) [Pomolobus melanostomus Eigenmann, 1907] (Uruguay river sprat) |-- Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum, 1792) (sardilli; European pilchard) |--o Sardinella Mioc. Eu. R. Oc. | |-- †S. sardinites (Heckel, 1850) [Meletta sardinites Heckel, 1850; Meletta longimana Heckel, 1850; Meletta crenata Heckel, 1850] | |-- S. albella (Valenciennes, 1847) (White sardinella) | |-- S. atricauda (Günther, 1868) (Bleeker's blacktip sardinella) | |-- S. aurita Valenciennes, 1847 (kultasardiini; Round sardinella) | |-- S. brachysoma Bleeker, 1852 (Deepbody sardinella) | |-- S. brasiliensis (Steindachner, 1879) (Brazilian sardinella) | |-- S. fijiense (Fowler & Bean, 1923) (Fiji sardinella) | |-- S. fimbriata (Valenciennes, 1847) (Fringescale sardinella) | |-- S. gibbosa (Bleeker, 1849) (Goldstripe sardinella) | |-- S. hualiensis (Chu & Tsai, 1958) (Taiwan sardinella) | |-- S. jussieui (Valenciennes, 1847) (Mauritian sardinella) | |-- S. lemuru Bleeker, 1853 (Bali sardinella) | |-- S. longiceps Valenciennes, 1847 (Indian oil sardine) | |-- S. maderensis (Lowe, 1838) (Madeiran sardinella) | |-- S. marquesensis Berry & Whitehead, 1968 (Marquesan sardinella) | |-- S. melanura (Cuvier, 1829) (Blacktip sardinella) | |-- S. neglecta Wongratana, 1983 (East African sardinella) | |-- S. richardsoni Wongratana, 1983 (Richardson's sardinella) | |-- S. rouxi (Poll, 1953) (Yellowtail sardinella) | |-- S. sindensis (Day, 1878) (Sind sardinella) | |-- S. tawilis (Herre, 1927) (Freshwater sardinella) | `-- S. zunasi (Bleeker, 1854) (Japanese sardinella) |-- Sardinops sagax (Jenyns, 1842) (eteläamerikansardilli; South American pilchard) |--o Sprattus [Meletta] Olig. Eu. R. Oc. (kilohailit) | |-- †S. crenatus | |-- S. antipodum (Hector, 1872) (New Zealand blueback sprat) | |-- S. fuegensis (Jenyns, 1842) (Falkland sprat) | |-- S. Mülleri (Klunzinger, 1880) (New Zealand sprat) | |-- S. novaehollandiae (Valenciennes, 1847) (Australian sprat) | `--o S. sprattus (Linnaeus, 1758) (kilohaili; European sprat) | |-- S. s. sprattus (Linnaeus, 1758) (atlantinkilohaili; European sprat) | `-- S. s. balticus (Schneider, 1908) (itämerenkilohaili; Baltic sprat) `== 2 other genera?
Reference(s):
- Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Frickhinger, K. A., 1995: Fossil Atlas – Fishes.
–Mergus – Publishers for Natural History and Pet Books, Hans A. Baensch, Malle, Germany, 1-1088 - Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds), 2001: FishBase.
–iNet: www.fishbase.org - Lahti, S., Malmström, K. K., Koli, L., Leikola, A., Syrjämäki, J. & Lahti, J., 1980: Zoo, Suuri Eläinkirja 5: Kalat, sammakkoeläimet, matelijat.
–Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö, Porvoo-Helsinki-Juva, 1980.
Original work [in French]: Beauté Du Monde Animal: IX Reptiles/Amphibiens & X Poissons.
–Rizzoli Editore, Milano, 1968 - Murray, A. M., Simons, E. L. & Attia, Y. S., 2005: A new clupeid fish (Clupeomorpha) from the Oligocene of Fayum, Egypt, with notes of some other fossil clupeomorphs.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 25, #2, pp. 300-308 - Nelson, J. S., 1994: Fishes of the world.
–John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, 1994, xx-600 - Stiassny, M. L. J., 2002: Revision of Sauvagella Bertin (Clupeidae: Pellonulinae: Ehiravini) with a description of a new species from the freswaters of Madagaskar and diagnosis of the Ehiravini.
–Copeia: Vol. 102, #1, pp. 67-76