Mikko's Phylogeny Archive Main Groups of Jawed Vertebrates   Acanthodiformes

<==o †Acanthodiformes Berg, 1940 [Acanthodidae Huxley, 1861 sensu Carroll, 1988]
   |?- †Lodeacanthus
   |?- †Carycinacanthus lopatini (Rohon, 1889) Miss. EEu. 
   |?-o †Protogonacanthus U. Dev. Eu. 
   |  `-- †P. juergeni
   |?- †Pseudacanthodes [Protacanthodes] Penn. Eu. 
   |--o †Mesacanthidae
   |  |?-o †Homalacanthus U. Dev. NA. Miss. EEu.
   |  |  `-- †H. concinnus
   |  |--o †Mesacanthus L.-M. Dev. Eu.
   |  |  `-- †M. mitchelli
   |  |?- †Triazeugacanthus U. Dev. NA.
   |  `?- †Utahacanthus guntheri Schultze, 1990 Penn, NA.
   `--+--o †Cheiracanthidae
      |  `--o †Cheiracanthus M. Dev. Eu. EEu. ?Ant.
      |     `-- †C. latus
      `--o †Acanthodidae Huxley, 1861
         |--o †Acanthodes Agassiz, 1833; Miss. L. Perm. Eu. Miss. Aus. SAf. Penn. L. Perm. Eu. U. Dev. or L. Carb EAs.
         |  |-- †A. sulcatus (White, 1937)
         |  |-- †A. browni
         |  |-- †A. wardi
         |  |-- †A. nitidus
         |  |-- †A. gracilis
         |  |-- †A. bronni
         |  `-- †A. guizhouensis Wang & Turner, 1985
         `?-o †Traquairichthys [Traquairia] Penn. Eu. ? L. Perm. ? NA.
            `-- †T. pygmaeus

Reference(s):

Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698

Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648
in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698

Frickhinger, K. A., 1995: Fossil Atlas – Fishes.
–Mergus – Publishers for Natural History and Pet Books, Hans A. Baensch, Malle, Germany, 1-1088

Long, J. A., 1995: The Rise of Fishes: 500 million years of evolution.
–Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore & London, pp. 1-223

Nelson, J. S., 1994: Fishes of the world.
–John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, 1994, xx-600

Schultze, H.-P., 1990: A new acanthodian from the Pennsylvanian of Utah, U.S.A., and the distribution of otoliths in gnathostomes.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 10, #1, pp. 49-58

Wang, N.-Z., Jin, F. & Wang, W., 2004: Early Carboniferous fishes (Acanthodian, Actinoperygians and Chondrichthyes) from the east sector of north Qilan Mountain, China – Carboniferous fish sequence from the east sector of north Qilan Mountain (1).
–Vertebrata PalAsiatica: Vol. 42, #2, pp. 89-110

Warren, A., Currie, B. P., Burrow, C. & Turner, S., 2000: A rededescription and reinterpretation of Gyracanthus murrayi Woodward 1906 (Acanthodii, Gyracanthidae) from the Lower Carboniferous of the Mansfield Basin, Victoria, Australia.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 20, #2, pp. 225-242