After Carroll, 1988
<==o †Arthrodira Woodward, 1891 (arthrodires; panssarihait) |--o †Actinolepina Miles, 1973 | |-- †Wuttagoonaspis fletsheri [Wuttagooaspina: Wuttagoonaspidae] | `-- †Actinolepidae Gross, 1940 `--+--o Phlyctaenioidei Miles, 1973 | |-- †Holonematidae [Holonematiina:] | `--o †Phlyctaeniina Miles, 1973 sensu Denison, 198 [Phlyctaenii] | |?-o †Williamsaspidae White, 1952 [Williamsaspidoidea White, 1952] [Brachythoraci sensu Young, 2009] | | |-- †Williamsaspis bedfordi White, 1952; E.Dev. Aust. | | `--o †Elvaspis Young, 2009; E.Dev. Aust. | | |-- †E. tuberculata Young, 2009 | | `-- †E. whitei Young, 2009 | |-- †Groelandaspididae Obruchev, 1964 | `-- †Phlyctaeniidae `--o †Brachythoraci |--o †Heterosteidae [Heterosiina:, Heterosteoidei] | |-- †Herasmius [Herasrnius (an OCR typo)] M.Dev. Spits. | `--o †Heterosteus [Chelonichthys, Heterostius, Ichthyosauroides] M.Dev. Eu. EEu. Gr. Spits. | `-- †H. groenlandicus (Stensiö & Säve-Söderbergh, 1938) [Heterostius groenlandicus Stensiö & Säve-Söderbergh, 1938] `-- †Coccosteina [Coccosteoidei, Brachythoraci]
Arthrodira incertae sedis:
†Antarctolepis M.Dev. Ant. †Aspidichthys [Anomalichthys, Aspidophorus] L.Dev. Eu. NA. NAf. SWAs. †Atlantidosteus E.Dev. NAf. †Carolowilhelmina geognostica Mark-Kurik & Carls, 2002; M.Dev WEu. †Callognathus L.Dev. NA. †Copanognathus L.Dev. NA. †Glyptaspis L.Dev. NA. †Golshanichthys Lelièvre et. al, 1981 †Grazosteus ?M.Dev. Eu. †Hollardosteus M.Dev. NAf. †Laurentaspis M.Dev. NA. †Machaerognathus L.Dev. NA. †Murmur [Euptychaspis, Ptychaspis] E.Dev. Eu. †Overtonaspis E.Dev. Eu. †Phylactaenium acadicus †Prescottaspis E.Dev. Eu. †Qataraspis E.Dev. SWAs. †Taunaspis E.Dev. Eu. †Timanosteus L.Dev. CAs. †Trachosteus L.Dev. NA. †Wheathillaspis E.Dev. Eu.
Reference(s):
- Ahlberg, P. E., Trinajstic, K., Johanson, Z. & Long, J. A., 2009: Pelvic claspers confirm chondrichthyan-like internal fertilization in arthrodires.
–Nature: Vol. 460, pp. 888-889 [doi: 10.1038/nature08176] - Blom, H., Clack, J. A., Ahlberg, P. E. & Friedman, M., 2007: Devonian vertebrates from East Greenland: a review of faunal composition and distribution.
–Geodiversitas: Vol. 29, #1, pp. 119-141 - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Frickhinger, K. A., 1995: Fossil Atlas - Fishes.
–Mergus - Publishers for Natural History and Pet Books, Hans A. Baensch, Malle, Germany, 1-1088 - Young, G. C., 2009: New arthrodires (Family Williamsaspididae) from Wee Jasper, New South Wales (Early Devonian), with comments on placoderm morphology and palaeoecology.
–Acta Zoologica: Vol. 90, pp. 69-82 [doi: 10.1111/j.1463-6395.2008.00366.x]