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These are the major classes or groups of Chordates. Some groups are in stricly sense paraphyletic.
CHORDATA (selkäjänteiset; chordates) ?†Calcichordata [Mitrata] [problematic, possibly echinodermates] Urochordata (vaippaeläimet; seasquids) Sorberacea Larvacea (pyrstökkäät) Thaliacea (salpat) Pyrosomida (tulitelat) Cyclomyaria (meritynnyrit) Desmomyaria (salpat) Ascidiacea (meritupet) Aplousbranchiata (runkokuntameritupet) Phelobobranchiata (meritupet) Stolidobranchiata ()? Cephalochordata (kallottomat selkäjänteiset) Acrania (suikulaiset) Amphioxiformes (suikulaiset) Craniata (kallolliset; craniates) Myxini [Hyperotreti] (limanahkiaiset; hagfishes) Myxiniformes (hagfishes; limanahkiaiskalat) Vertebrata (selkärankaiset; vertebrates) Hyperoartia (nahkiaiskalat) Petromyzontiformes †Conodonta (konodontit; conodonts) †Paraconodonti †Caviodonti †Protoconodontida †Conodonti Pander, 1856 †Protopanderodontida †Prioniodontida Dzik, 1976 [paraphyletic] †Ozarkodinida Dzik, 1976 †Pteraspidomorphi [Diplorhina] ("kaksisieraimiset") †Anatolepida †Arandaspida Ritchie & Gilbert-Tomlinson, 1977 †Heterostracimorphi Lankester, 1868 †Astraspida Berg, 1940 †Eriptychiida Tarlo, 1962 †Heterostraci Lankester, 1868 †Traquairaspidiformes †Tolypelepidida Denison, 1964 †Cynthaspidiformes †Pteraspidiformes Berg, 1940 †Anaspida (anaspids) †Jaymotiiformes Tarlo, 1967 †Birkeniida Berg, 1937 †Galeaspida (galeaspids) †Eugaleaspidiformes †Polybranchiaspidida †Polybranchiaspidiformes †Huananaspidiformes †Osteostraci (osteostracans) †Tannuaspidida †Cornuata Janvier, 1985b †Zenaspidida (Stensiö, 1958) Janvier, 1985b? †Benneviaspidida Halstead Tarlo, 1967 sensu Janvier, 1985b †Thyestiida †Kiaeraspidida †Thelodonti (telodontit; thelodonts) †Katoporida Gross, 1967 [=? Phlebolepidiformes Berg, 1937] †Thelodontida Kiaer, 1932 non Stensiö, 1958 [Thelodontiformes; Coelolepidiformes Berg, 1937] Gnathostomata (leualliset selkärankaiset; jawed vertebrates) †Placodermi (panssarikalat) Chondrichthyes (sharks & rays; rustokalat) Teleostomi () †Acanthodii (piikkieväkalat) Osteichthyes (bonefishes, luukalat) Actinopterygii (viuhkaeväiset luukalat; ray-finned fishes) Sarcopterygii (lihaseväiset luukalat; flesh-finned fishes) Tetrapoda (terrestrial vertebrates, maaselkärankaiset)
Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698
Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648
in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698
Conway Morris, S., 1993: The fossil record and early evolution of the Metazoa.
–Nature, vol. 361, 21 January, pp. 219-225
Janvier , P., 1997: Craniata - Animals with skulls
–iNet: The Tree of Life Project: http://tolweb.org/tree?group=Craniata&contgroup=Chordata
Janvier , P., 1997: Vertebrata - Animals with backbones.
–iNet : The Tree of Life Project; http://tolweb.org/tree?group=Vertebrata&contgroup=Craniata
Lundberg, J. G., 1995-1997: Chordata
–iNet: The Tree of Life Project: http://tolweb.org/tree?group=Chordata&contgroup=Deuterostomia
Long, J. A., 1995: The Rise of Fishes: 500 million years of evolution.
–Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore & London, pp. 1-223
Nelson, J. S., 1994: Fishes of the world.
–John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, 1994, xx-600
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