After Rubidge & Sidor, 2002, Rubidge & Kitching, 2003, Sidor, 2003, Sidor, Hopson & Keyser, 2004, and Rubidge, Sidor & Modesto, 2006
<==o †Biarmosuchia Sigogneau-Russell, 1989 [non? Hopson & Barghusen, 1986] [Rubidginia Huene, 1956; Rubidginoidea Haughton & Brink, 1954] |?- †Gorgodon minutus Olson, 1962 [a eotitanosuchian? (The Paleobiology Database)] |?- †Knoxosaurus Olson, 1962 [a eotitanosuchian? (The Paleobiology Database)] |?- †Steppesaurus Olson & Beerbower, 1953 [a eotitanosuchian? (The Paleobiology Database)] |?- †Watongia Olson, 1974 [a varanodontine varanopseid? (The Paleobiology Database)] |?-o †Microuraniidae Ivachnenko, 1996 | `--o †Microurania Ivakhnenko, 1996 | |-- †M. minima Ivakhnenko, 1996 | `-- †M. mikia Ivakhnenko, 2003 |?-o †Niaftasuchidae Ivakhnenko, 1990 | `-- †Niaftasuchus zekkeli Ivakhnenko, 1990 |?-o †Phthinosuchia Romer, 1961 | `--o †Phthinosuchidae Efremov, 1954 [incl. Phthinosauridae] | |-- †Phthinosuchus discors Efremov, 1954 [= Rhopalodon pp. Seeley, 1894, Watson, 1921 and 1942, Nopsca, 1928] | `-- †Phthinosaurus borissiaki Efremov, 1940 |--o †Biarmosuchidae Olsen, 1962 | `--o †Biarmosuchus Tchudinov, 1960 [Biarmosaurus Chudinov, 1960] | |-- †B. tener Tchudinov, 1960 [Biarmosaurus antecessor Tchudinov, 1960; Biarmosuchus antecessor (Tchudinov, 1960); ?Eotitanosuchus olsoni Tchudinov, 1960; ?Ivantosaurus ensifer Tchudinov, 1983] | |-- †B. tagax Ivakhnenko, 1990 | `-- †B. chudinovi Ivakhnenko, 1999 [Biarmosuchus tchudinovi Ivakhnenko, 1999] `--+--o †Hipposauridae | |?- †Pseudhipposaurus kitchingi Boonstra, 1952 | `--o †Hipposaurus Haughton, 1929 | |-- †H. boonstrai Haughton, 1929 | `-- †H. major Boonstra, 1952 `?=o †“Ictidorhinidae” [paraphyletic] |?- †Rubidgina Broom, 1942 |-- †Ictidorhinidae genera et species indet. [CGP 1/67] |-- †Lycaenodon longiceps Broom, 1925 [Hipposaurus rubidgei Broom, 1940; Hipposauroides (Hipposaurus) rubidgei (Broom) Boonstra, 1952] `--+-- †Ictidorhinus martinsi Broom, 1913 `--o †Burnetiamorpha Broom, 1923 sensu Rubidge & Kitching, 2003 |-- †Lemurosaurus pricei Broom, 1949 `--+-- †Lobalopex mordax Sidor, Hopson & Keyser, 2004 [CGP 1/61] `--o †Burnetiidae Broom, 1923 sensu Sidor, 2003 |?- †Burnetiidae gen. et sp. indet. [Mal 290] [Jacobs, Winkler, Newman, Gomani & Deino, 2005] |--+-- †Paraburnetia sneeubergensis Smith, Rubidge & Sidor, 2006 | `-- †Proburnetia viatkensis Tatarinov, 1968a `--o †Burnetiidae Broom, 1923 sensu Rubidge & Sidor, 2002 |?- †Styracocephalus Haughton, 1929 [treated as Tapinocephalian by Carroll (1988)] |-- †Niuksenitia sukhonense Tatarinov, 1977 [non Ivachnenko et al., 1997] |-- †Burnetia mirabilis Broom, 1923 [generic name also used for a bacteria (Dols, pers. comm.).] `--+-- †Pachydectes elsi Rubidge, Sidor & Modesto, 2006 `-- †Bullacephalus jacksoni Rubidge & Kitching, 2003
Reference(s):
- Battail, B. & Surkov, M. V., 2000: Mammal-like reptiles from Russia. 86-119
in Benton, M. J., Shishkin, M. A., Unvin, D. M. & Kurochkin, E. N., (eds.) 2000: The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia.
–Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000 xxxix-696 - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
in Carroll, R. L. 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Conrad, J., 2000: Therapsida.
–iNet: Jack Conrad's Vertebrate Pages: http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/Hall/1636/synapsida/therapsida.html - Ford, T. L., 2006: Taxonomic lists.
–iNet: Paleofile.com: http://www.paleofile.com/Demo/; [visited: 2006-03-03] - Jacobs, L. L., Winkler, D. A., Newman, K. D., Gomani, E. M. & Deino, A., 2005: Therapsids from the Permian Chiweta Beds and the age of the Karoo Supergroup in Malawi.
–Palaeontologia Electronica: Vol. 8, #1, pp. 28A: 21-23 [http://palaeo-electronica.org/paleo/2005_1/jacobs28/issue1_05.htm] - Kazlev, M. A., 2000: Biarmosuchia.
–iNet: The Kheper Site: http://www.kheper.auz.com/gaia/biosphere/vertebrates/therapsida/Biarmosuchia.html - Kazlev, M. A., 2000: Biarmosuchidae.
–iNet: The Kheper Site: http://www.kheper.auz.com/gaia/biosphere/vertebrates/therapsida/Biarmosuchidae.html - Kazlev, M. A., 2000: Eotitanosuchidae.
–iNet: The Kheper Site: http://www.kheper.auz.com/gaia/biosphere/vertebrates/therapsida/Eotitanosuchidae.html - Kazlev, M. A., 2000: Phthinosuchidae.
–iNet: The Kheper Site: http://www.kheper.auz.com/gaia/biosphere/vertebrates/therapsida/Phthinosuchidae.html - Laurin, M. & Reisz, R. R., 1997-1998: Synapsida - Mammals and their extinct relatives.
–iNet: The Tree of Life: http://tolweb.org/tree/eukaryotes/animals/chordata/synapsida.html - Laurin , M. & Reisz, R. R., 1997: Autapomorphies of the main clades of synapsids.
–iNet: The Tree of Life: http://tolweb.org/tree/eukaryotes/animals/chordata/synapsidlichen/synapsidasynapomorphies.html - Rubidge, B. S. & Kitching, J. W., 2003: A new burnetiamorph (Therapsida: Biarmosuchia) from the Lower Beaufort Group of South Africa.
–Palaeontology: Vol. 46, #1, pp. 199-210 - Rubidge, B. S. & Sidor, C. A., 2001: Evolutionary patterns among Permo-Triassic therapsids.
–Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics: Vol. #32, pp. 449-480 - Rubidge, B. S. & Sidor, C. A., 2002: On the cranial morphology of the basal therapsids Burnetia and Proburnetia (Therapsida: Burnetiidae).
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 22, #2, pp. 257-267 - Rubidge, B. S., Sidor, C. A. & Modesto, S. P., 2006: A new burnetiamorph (Therapsida: Biarmosuchia) from the Middle Permian of South Africa.
–Journal of Paleontology: Vol. 80, #2, pp. 740-749 - Sidor, C. A., 2003: The naris and palate of Lycaenodon longiceps (Therapsida: Biarmosuchia), with comments on their early evolution in the Therapsida.
–Journal of Paleontology: Vol. 77, #5, pp. 977-984 - Sidor, C. A., Hopson, J. A. & Keyser, A. W., 2004: A new burnetiamorph therapsid from the Teekloof Formation, Permian, of South Africa.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 24, #4, pp. 938-950 - Sidor, C. A. & Welman, J., 2003: A second specimen of Lemurosaurus pricei (Therapsida: Burnetiamorpha).
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 23, #3, pp. 631-642 - Smith, R. M. H., Rubidge, B. S. & Sidor, C. A., 2006: A new burnetiid (Therapsida: Biarmosuchia) from the Upper Permian of South Africa and its biogeographic implications.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 26, #2, pp. 331-343