After Polly, 1996, McKenna & Bell, 1997, Gunnell, 1998, Egi, Tsubamoto & Takai, 2007, and Peigné, Morlo, Chaimanee, Ducrocq, Tun & Jaeger, 2007
<==o †Hyeanodontidae Leidy, 1869 sensu lato [Hyaenodontoidea Trouessart, 1885; Hyaenodontida Haeckel, 1895] [incl. Proviverridae Schlosser, 1886; Limnocyonidae Gazin, 1946] |?- †Parvagula palulae Lange-Badré in Godinot, Crochet, Hartenberger, Lange-Badré, Russell & Sigé, 1987; E.Eoc. Eu. |?- †Tylodon Gervais, 1848 [Tulodon Zittel, 1893] [nomen oblitum] [non Tylodon Banker 1902, a genus of Fungi] |?- †Ischnognathus savagei Stovall, 1948 `==o †Proviverrinae Schlosser, 1886 [Proviverridae Schlosser, 1886; Proviverrida Haeckel, 1895; Proviverrinae Matthew, 1909; Proviverrini Van Valen, 1966] [incl. Stypolophinae Trouessart, 1885] [paraphyletic] |?- †Acarictis ryani Gingerich & Deutsch, 1989 |?- †Alienetherium bruxwilleri Lange-Badre, 1981 |?- †Boualitomus marocanensis Gheerbrant, Iarochene, Amaghzaz & Bouya, 2006 |?- †Gazinocyon vulpeculus (Matthew, 1915) Polly, 1996 |?- †Galecyon mordax (Matthew, 1915) Gingerich & Deutsch, 1989 |?-o †Lesmesodon edingeri Morlo & Habersetzer, 1999 | |-- †L. edingeri (Springhorn, 1982) [Proviverra edingeri Springhorn, 1982] | `-- †L. behnkeae Morlo & Habersetzer, 1999 |?- †Matthodon tritens Lange-Badré & Haubold, 1990 |?- †Praecodens acutus Lange-Badre, 1981 |?- †Protoproviverra palaeonictides (Lemoine, 1880) Lemoine, 1891 [=? Proviverra palaeonictides Lemoine, 1880] [non †Protoproviverra manzaniana Ameghino, 1891] (a non-creodont (Lemoine, 1891)) |?-o †Propterodon Martin, 1906 | |-- †P. morrisi (Matthew & Granger, 1924) | `-- †P. irdinensis Matthew & Granger, 1925 |?- †Proviverroides piercei Bown, 1982 |?-o †Pyrocyon Gingerich & Deutsch, 1989 | |-- †P. dioctetus Gingerich & Deutsch, 1989 | `-- †P. hians |?- †Quercitherium tenebrosum Filhol, 1880 emend. McKenna & Bell, 1997 [pro Quercytherium Filhol, 1880] |?- †Tinerhodon disputatum Gheerbrant, 1995 |?-o †Tritemnodon Matthew, 1906 | |?- ?†T. strenuus | `-- †T. agilis (Marsh, 1872) |--o †Proviverra Rütimeyer, 1862 [Sinopa Leidy, 1871; Prorhyzaena Rütimeyer, 1891; Leonhardtina Matthes, 1952; Geiselotherium Matthes, 1952] | |-- †P. typica Rütimeyer, 1862 | `-- †P. minor (Filhol, 1877) `--+--+-- †Leonhardtina gracilis Matthes, 1952 | `--o †Allopterodon Ginsburg in Ginsburg et al., 1977 [Hurzelerius Lange-Badré, 1984] | |-- †A. phonax (Van Valen, 1965) | |-- †A. theriodis (Van Valen, 1965 | `-- †A. torvidus `--+--+-- †Prodissopsalis eocaenicus Matthes, 1952 [Imperatoria Matthes, 1952] | `--o †Eurotherium Polly & Lange-Badré, 1993 | |-- †E. theriodis (Van Valen, 1965) | `-- †E. matthesi (Lange-Badré & Haubold, 1990) `--+--+-- †Paracynohyaenodon schlosseri Martin, 1906 | `--o †Cynohyaenodon Filhol, 1873 [Pseudosinopa Depéret, 1917] | |-- †C. cayluxi Filhol, 1873 | |-- †C. trux Van Valen, 1965 | `-- †C. lautricensis Lange-Badré, 1978 `--+--+--o †Arfia Van Valen, 1965 | | |-- †A. opisthotoma (Matthew, 1901) | | |-- †A. shoshoniensis (Matthew, 1915) | | |-- †A. zele Gingerich & Deutsch, 1989 | | |-- †A. junnei Gingerich, 1989 | | `-- †A. langebadreae | `--+--o “African †Sinopa” | | |-- †“Sinopa” atrox | | |-- †“Sinopa” aethiopica | | `-- †“Sinopa” ephalmos | `--+-- †Hyaninailourinae Pilgrim, 1932 sensu Peigné et al., 2007 [Hyaenaelurinae Pilgrim, 1932; Hyaninailourini Ginsburg, 1980; Pterodontinae Polly, 1996; Hyaenaelurinae Egi et al., 2007; Hyaninailourinae Peigné et al., 2007] | `--+--o †Paratritemnodon Ranga Rao, 1973 | | |-- †P. jandewalensis Thewissen, Williams & Hussain, 2001 | | `-- †P. indicus Ranga Rao, 1973 | `--+?- †Yarshea cruenta Egi, Holroyd, Tsubamoto, Shigehara, Takai & Tun, 2004 | `-- †Kyawdawia lupina Egi, Holroyd, Aung Naing Soe, Takai & Ciochon, 2005 `--+?-o †Masrasector Simons & Gingerich, 1974 | |-- †M. pithecodacos | |-- †M. ligabetti | |-- †M. aegypticum Simons & Gingerich, 1974 | `-- †M. ligabuei Crochet, Thomas, Rogers, Sen & Al-Sulaimani, 1990 |--+--o †Prototomus Cope, 1874 [Prolimnocyon] [treated as Limnocyonines by Morlo & Gunnell, 2005] | | |-- †P. viverrinus Cope, 1874 | | |-- †P. secundarius Cope, 1875 | | |-- †P. multicuspus Cope, 1875 | | |-- †P. robustus (Matthew, 1915) | | |-- †P. deimos Gingerich & Deutsch, 1989 | | |-- †P. phobos Gingerich & Deutsch, 1989 | | `-- †P. martis Gingerich & Deutsch, 1989 | |--o †Sinopa Leidy, 1871b [Stypolophus Cope, 1872; ?Triacodon] | | |-- †S. rapax Leidy, 1871b [Sinopa minor Wortman, 1902; Stypolophus aculeatus; Triacodon fallax] | | |-- †S. pungens (Cope, 1872b) [Stypolophus pungens Cope, 1872] | | `-- †S. major Wortman, 1902 [incl. †S. grangeri Matthew, 1906] | `== other “Prototomus-like” Proviverrinae `--+-- †Limnocyoninae Wortman, 1902 sensu McKenna & Bell, 1997 [Limnocyonidae Gazin, 1946; Limnocyonini Van Valen, 1966] `?- †Hyeanodontinae Leidy, 1869 sensu Polly, 1996
After Peigné, Morlo, Chaimanee, Ducrocq, Tun & Jaeger, 2007 (Fig. 4B)<==o †Hyeanodontidae `==o †Proviverrinae |== “Proviverra-like” Proviverrinae `--+--+-- †Arfia | |== “Afria-like” South Asian Proviverrinae | `--+== “Dissopsalis-like” Proviverrinae | `== †Hyaninailourinae `--+== “Prototomus-like” Proviverrinae `--+-- †Prolimnocyon `-- †Limnocyoninae Reference(s):
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After McKenna & Bell, 1997<==o †Hyaenodontidae |-- †Parvagula |?- †Tylodon |--o †Limnocyoninae | |--o †Limnocyonini | | |-- †Prolimnocyon | | |-- †Thinocyon | | |-- †Limnocyon | | |-- †Oxyaenodon | | |-- †Prolaena | | `-- †Thereutherium | `--o †Mechaeroidini | |-- †Apataelurus | `-- †Machaeroides `--o †Hyeanodontinae |--o †Proviverrini | |-- †Prototomus | |-- †Arfia | |-- †Sinopa | |-- †Gazinocyon | |-- †Tritemnodon | |-- †Acarictis | |-- †Protoproviverra | |-- †Galecyon | |-- †Proviverra | |-- †Prodissopsalis | |-- †Paratritemnodon | |-- †Pyrocyon | |-- †Propterodon | |-- †Cynohyaenodon | |-- †Quercitherium | |-- †Praecodens | |-- †Matthodon | |-- †Proviverroides | |-- †Paracynohyaenodon | |-- †Alienetherium | |-- †Allopterodon | |-- †Eurotherium | |-- †Masrasector | |-- †Metasinopa | |-- †Anasinopa | `-- †Dissopsalis |--o †Hyaenodontini | |-- †Oxyaenoides | |-- †Francotherium | |-- †Pterodon | |-- †Hyaenodon | |-- †Hemipsalodon | |-- †Consobrinus | |-- †Paenoxyaenoides | |-- †Parapterodon | |-- †Ischnognathus | |-- †Hyainailouros | |-- †Leakitherium | `-- †Megistotherium |--o †Teratodontini | `-- †Teratodon `--o †Apterodontini `-- †Apterodon |
After Polly, 1996<==o †Hyeanodontidae Leidy, 1869 sensu lato `==o †Proviverrinae |--+-- †Limnocyoninae | `--+-- †Arfia | `--+-- †Dissopsalis | `-- †Pterodontinae `--o †Hyeanodontidae sensu stricto? |?- †Prototomus `--+-- †Sinopa `--+-- †Gazinocyon `--+-- †Eurotherium `--+-- †Propterodon `-- †Hyeanodontinae Reference(s):
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Reference(s):
- Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Egi, N., Holroyd, P. A., Tsubamoto, T., Soe, A. N., Takai, M. & Ciochon, R. L., 2005: Proviverrine hyaenodontids (Creodonta: Mammalia) from the Eocene of Myanmar and a phylogenetic analysis of the proviverrines from the Para?Tethys area.
–Journal of Systematic Palaeontology: Vol. 3, #4, pp. 337-358 [doi: 10.1017/S1477201905001707] - Egi, N., Thubamoto, T. & Takai, M., 2007: Systematic status of Asian “Pterodon” and early evolution of hyaenaelurine hyaenodontid creodonts.
–Journal of Paleontology: Vol. 81, #4, pp. 770-778 - Ginsburg, L., 2001: Les faunes de mammifcres terrestres du Mioccne moyen des Faluns du bassin de Savigné-sur-Lathan (France).
[The Middle Miocene land mammals fauna of the Savigné-sur-Lathan basin (France)].
–Geodiversitas: Vol. 23, #3, pp. 381-394 - Gunnell, G. F., 1998: Creodonta. 91-109.
in Janis, C. M., Scott, K. M. & Jacobs, L. L., (eds.) 1998: Evolution of Tertiary mammals of North America.
–Cambridge University Press, New York, 1998, - McKenna, M. C. & Bell, S. K., (eds.) 1997: Classification of mammals – above the species level.
–Columbia University Press, New York, 1997, xii-631 - Peigné, S., Morlo, M., Chaimanee, Y., Ducrocq, S., Tun, S. T. & Jaeger, J.-J., 2007: New discoveries of hyaenodontids (Creodonta, Mammalia) from the Pondaung Formation, middle Eocene, Myanmar - paleobiogeographic implications.
–Geodiversitas: Vol. 29, #3, pp. 441-458 - Polly, P. D., 1996: The skeleton of Gazinocyon vulpeculus gen. et comb. nov. and the cladistic relationships of Hyaenodontidae (Eutheria, Mammalia).
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 16, #2, pp. 303-319