After McKenna & Bell, 1997, Liu, 2003, and Harris & Liu, 2007
Genera and monotypic genera only (species-tree below):
<==o Suidae Gray, 1821 sensu McKenna & Bell, 1997 (pigs; siat) |?- †Mabokopithecus von Koenigswald, 1969 |-- †Hemichoerus Filhol, 1882 |-- †Paradoxodonides Strand, 1943 [Paradoxodon Filhol, 1890] |-- †Cainochoerus africanus (Hendley, 1976) Pickford, 1988 [Cainochoeriinae] `--+--o †Hyotheriinae Cope, 1888 | |-- †Chleuastochoerus stehlini Pearson, 1928 | |-- †Dubiotherium waterhousi (Pomel 1853) Hellmund, 1992 | |-- †Sinapriculus linquensis Liu, Fortelius & Pickford, 2002 | `-- †Hyotherium Meyer, 1834 [Amphichoerus, Choeromorus, Choerotherium, Palaeochoerus Pomel, 1846] `--+--+--o †Listriodontinae Simpson, 1945 sensu Pickford & Morales, 2003 [non Gervais, 1859 sensu van der Made, 1996; non Roger, 1882; non Lydekker, 1884 sensu McKenna & Bell, 1997] (listriodont pigs) | | |-- †Listriodon H. von Meyer, 1846 | | |-- †Lopholistriodon Pickford & Wilkinson, 1975 | | |-- †Eurolistriodon adelli Pickford & Moya Sola, 1995 | | `-- †Bunolistriodon Arambourg, 1933 | `--o †Kubanochoerinae Gabunia, 1958 | |-- †Nguruwe Pickford, 1986 [Hyotherium Meyer, 1834 in partem] | |-- †Kenyasus Pickford, 1986 | |-- †Libycochoerus Arambourg, 1961 [included in African Bunolistrodon of Fortelius, van der Made & Bernor, 1996?] | |?- †Megalochoerus Pickford, 1993 [jr. synon. Kubanochoerus Gabunia, 1955??] | `-- †Kubanochoerus Gabunia, 1955 `--+-- †Miochoerus youngi Chen, 1997 `--+--o †Tetraconodontinae Simpson, 1945 | |-- †Conohyus Pilgrim, 1926 | |-- †Tetraconodon Falconer, 1868 | |-- †Parachleuastochoerus Golpe-Posse, 1972 | |-- †Lophochoerus Pilgrim, 1926 | `--+-- †Sivachoerus Pilgrim, 1926 | `==o †Nyanzachoerus Leakey, 1958 sensu White & Suwa, 2004 [=? Sivachoerus in partem] [paraphyletic] | `-- †Notochoerus Broom, 1925 [Gerontochoerus Leakey, 1943] `--+--o †Namachoerinae Pickford, 1995 | `-- †Namachoerus moruoroti (Wilkinson, 1979) Pickford, 1995 `--o Suinae Gray, 1821 (non Zittel, 1893) sensu McKenna & Bell, 1997 (modern pigs; siat) |--o Suini Gray, 1821 [incl. Dicoryphochoerini Schmidt-Kittler, 1971] (Eurasian forest pigs; metsäsiat) | |-- †Korynochoerus palaeochoerus Schmidt-Kittler, 1971 | |-- †Hippopotamodon Lydekker, 1877 [Dicoryphochoerus Pilgrim, 1926, Hyosus; Limnostonyx Ginsburg] | |-- †Eumaiochoerus etruscus (Michelotti, 1861) Hürzeler, 1982 | |-- †Microstonyx Pilgrim, 1926 [= Hippopotamodon?] | `-- Sus Linnaeus, 1758 (pigs; siat) `--+--o Potamochoerini Gray, 1873 [Potamochoerina Gray, 1873; Potamochoerini Thenius, 1970] (African bush pigs; pensselisiat) | |?- †Celebochoerus Hooijer, 1948 | |?- †Propotamochoerus Pilgrim, 1925 | |-- †“Kolpochoerus” afarensis Cooke, 1978 | `--+-- Potamochoerus Gray, 1854 [Choiropotamus, Eostopotamochoerus, Koiropotamus, Postpotamochoerus] (bush pigs; pensselisiat) | `==o †Kolpochoerus E.C.N. van Hoepen & H. E. van Hoepen, 1932 [taxonomic history] [paraphyletic] | `-- Hylochoerus meinertzhageni Thomas, 1904 (jättiläismetsäkarju) `--+--o †Hippohyini Thenius, 1970 | |-- †Sivahyus punjabiensis Pilgrim, 1926 [Hyosus Pilgrim, 1926] | |-- †Sinohyus von Koenigswald, 1963 | `-- †Hippohyus Falconer & Gautley, 1847 `--+--o Babyrousini Gray, 1868 | `-- Babyrousa Perry, 1811 (hirvisiat, pig-deers; babirussa) `--o Phacochoerini Gray, 1868 (Warthogs; pahkasiat) |-- †Potamochoeroides shawi (Dale, 1948) Dale, 1948 [Pronotochoerus shawi Dale, 1948, incl. Potamochoeroides hypsodon Dale, 1948] |-- †Metridiochoerus Hopwood, 1926 [taxonomic history] `-- Phacochoerus Cuvier, 1817 [taxonomic history] (warthogs; pahkasiat)
With species:
<==o Suidae Gray, 1821 sensu McKenna & Bell, 1997 (pigs; siat) |?- †Mabokopithecus von Koenigswald, 1969 |-- †Hemichoerus Filhol, 1882 |-- †Paradoxodonides Strand, 1943 [Paradoxodon Filhol, 1890] |-- †Cainochoerus Pickford, 1988 `--+--o †Hyotheriinae Cope, 1888 | |-- †Chleuastochoerus stehlini Pearson, 1928 | |-- †Dubiotherium waterhousi (Pomel 1853) Hellmund, 1992 | |-- †Sinapriculus linquensis Liu, Fortelius & Pickford, 2002 | `--o †Hyotherium Meyer, 1834 [Amphichoerus; Choeromorus; Choerotherium; Palaeochoerus Pomel, 1846] | |?- †H. dartevellei (Hooijer, 1963) | |?- †H. kijivium Wilkinson, 1976 [=? Nguruwe kijivium (Wilkinson, 1976) Pickford, 1986] | |?- †H. aurelianensis [] | |?- †H. waterhousi [=? Dubiotherium waterhousi (Pomel 1853) Hellmund, 1992] | |?- †H. palaeochoerus Kaup | |-- †H. meissneri Meyer, 1829 [H. meisneri (lapsus calami)] | |?- †H. penisulus | |-- †H. major (Pomel, 1847) | `--+-- †H. soemmeringi Meyer, 1834 | `-- †H. shanwangense Liu, Fortelius & Pickford, 2002 [Palaeochoerus sp. cf. P. pascoei Chang Yuping, 1974] `--+--+--o †Listriodontinae Simpson, 1945 sensu Pickford & Morales, 2003 [non Gervais, 1859 sensu van der Made, 1996; non Roger, 1882; non Lydekker, 1884 sensu McKenna & Bell, 1997] (listriodont pigs) | | |--o †Listriodon H. von Meyer, 1846 | | | |-- †L. splendens H. von Meyer, 1846 | | | |--+-- †L. latidens [=? Bunolistriodon latidens (Biedermann, 1873)] | | | | `-- †L. meidamon (Fortelius, van der Made & Bernor, 1996) [Listriodon splendens michali Ciric & Thenius, 1959; Bunolistriodon meidamon Fortelius, van der Made & Bernor, 1996] | | | |-- †L. pentapotamiae (Falconer, 1868) | | | |-- †L. guptai [=? Bunolistriodon guptai] | | | |-- †L. juba | | | |-- †L. bartulensis Pickford, 2001 | | | |-- †L. akatikubas Wilkinson, 1976 sensu Picford & Morales, 2003 [= Bunolistriodon akatikubas (Wilkinson, 1976) sensu Fortelius, van der Made & Bernor, 1996] | | | `-- †L. retamaensis Pickford & Morales, 2003 [†Bunolistriodon aff. B. latidens] | | |--o †Lopholistriodon Pickford & Wilkinson, 1975 | | | |-- †L. kidogosana Pickford & Wilkinson, 1975 | | | `-- †L. moruoroti (Wilkinson, 1976) | | |-- †Eurolistriodon adelli Pickford & Moya Sola, 1995 | | `--o †Bunolistriodon Arambourg, 1933 | | |--o European Bunolistriodon | | | |-- †B. lockhardi (Pomel, 1848) [Listriodon lockhardi Pomel, 1848] | | | |-- †B. sp. aff. B. latidens [=? Listriodon latidens] | | | |-- †B. latidens (Biedermann, 1873) | | | `-- †B. michali | | |--o Anatolian Bunolistriodon | | | `-- †B. meidamon Fortelius, van der Made & Bernor, 1996 [Listriodon splendens michali Ciric & Thenius, 1959] | | |--o African Bunolistriodon [Listriodon?; Kubanochoerus?; Libycochoerus?] | | | |-- †B. jeanneli (Arambourg, 1933) [Listriodon jeanneli Arambourg, 1933; Kubanochoerus jeanneli(Arambourg, 1933)] | | | |-- †B. akatidogus (Wilkinson, 1976) [Listriodon akatidogus Wilkinson, 1976] | | | `-- †B. akatikubas (Wilkinson, 1976) [Listriodon akatikubas Wilkinson, 1976 sensu Picford & Morales, 2003] | | |--o Indian Bunolistriodon | | | |-- †B. affinis | | | |-- †B. guptai [=? Listriodon pentapotamiae (Falconier, 1868) sensu Pickford, 1988] | | | `-- †B. fategadensis | | `--o Chinese Bunolistriodon | | |-- †B. intermedius (Liu & Lee, 1963) [Listriodon intermedius (Liu & Lee, 1963) sensu Picford & Morales, 2003] | | `-- †B. robustus Yan Defa | `--o †Kubanochoerinae Gabunia, 1958 | |--o †Nguruwe Pickford, 1986 | | |-- †N. namibensis Pickford, 1986 | | `-- †N. kijivium (Wilkinson, 1976) | |--o †KenyasusKenyasus Pickford, 1986 | | |-- †K. kirimunensis Pickford, 2007 | | |-- †K. namaquensis Pickford & Senut, 1997 | | `-- †K. rusingensis Pickford, 1986 | |--o †Libycochoerus Arambourg, 1961 [included in African Bunolistrodon of Fortelius, van der Made & Bernor, 1996?] | | |-- †L. jeanneli (Arambourg, 1933) [Kubanochoerus jeanneli(Arambourg, 1933); incl. Bunolistrodon anchidens van der Made, 1996 sensu Pickford & Morales, 2003 | | |-- †L. massai Arambourg, 1961 | | |-- †L. khinzikebirus (Wilkinson, 1976) [Kubanochoerus khinzikebirus Wilkinson, 1976; Megalochoerus khinzikebirus] | | |-- †L. fategadensis (Prasad, 1967) | | |-- †L. affinis (Pilgrim, 1908) | | `-- †L. juba Ginsburg, 1977 | |?-o †Megalochoerus Pickford, 1993 [jr. synon. Kubanochoerus Gabunia, 1955??] | | |-- †M. homungous Pickford, 1993 | | `-- †M. marymuunguae (van der Made, 1996) [Kubanochoerus marymuunguae van der Made, 1996] | `--o †Kubanochoerus Gabunia, 1955 | |-- †K. gigas (Peterson,1928) | |-- †K. robustus Gabunia, 1955 | |-- †K. lantianensis | |-- †K. mancharensis van der Made, 1996 | `-- †K. minheensis (Qiu et al., 1981) `--+-- †Miochoerus youngi Chen, 1997 `--+--o †Tetraconodontinae Simpson, 1945 | |--o †Conohyus Pilgrim, 1926 | | |-- †C. simorrensis (Lartet, 1851) | | |-- †C. giganteus Falconer & Gautley, 1847 [=? Sivachoerus giganteus Tobien, 1936] | | |-- †C. steinheimensis (Fraas, 1870) | | |-- †C. huenermanni (Hessig, 1989) | | |-- †C. sindiense (Lydekker, 1884) [=? Sivachoerus sindiensis (Lydekker, 1878)] | | |-- †C. indicus (Lydekker, 1884) | | |-- †C. ebroensis Azanza, 1986 | | `-- †C. olujici Bernor, Bi & Radovéiê, 2004 | |--o †Tetraconodon Falconer, 1868 | | |-- †T. magnum Falconer, 1868 | | |-- †T. minor Pilgrim, 1926 | | `-- †T. intermedius van der Made, 1999 | |--o †Parachleuastochoerus Golpe-Posse, 1972 | | |-- †P. crusafonti Golpe-Bosse, 1972 | | |-- †P. sinensis Pickford & Liu, 2001 | | |-- †P. kretzoii Fortelius, Armour Chelu, Bernor & Fessaha, 2004 | | |?- †P. huenermanni | | `?- †P. steinheimensis | |--o †Lophochoerus Pilgrim, 1926 | | |-- †L. nagri Pilgrim, 1926 | | `?- †L. himalayensis Pilgrim, 1926 [jr. synon.? Lophochoerus nagri] | `--+--o †Sivachoerus Pilgrim, 1926 | | |-- †S. prior Pilgrim, 1926 | | |-- †S. sindiensis (Lydekker, 1878) [=? Conohyus sindiense (Lydekker, 1884)] | | |-- †S. indicus (Lydekker, 1884) | | |?-o †S. syrticus Leonardi, 1952 [Nyanzachoerus syrticus (Leonardi, 1952) sensu White & Suwa, 2004] | | | |-- †S. s. syrticus Leonardi, 1952 | | | `-- †S. s. pattersoni Cooke & Ewer, 1972 | | `--o †S. australis (Cooke & Hendey, 1992) | | |-- †S. a. australis (Cooke & Hendey, 1992) | | `-- †S. a. megadens van der Made, 1999 | `==o †Nyanzachoerus Leakey, 1958 sensu White & Suwa, 2004 [=? Sivachoerus in partem] [paraphyletic] | |?- †N. cookei Kotsakis & Inigo, 1980 | |-- †N. devauxi (Arambourg, 1968) | `--+?- †N. syrticus (Leonardi, 1952) White & Suwa, 2004 [=? Sivachoerus syrticus Leonardi, 1952 (Pickford, 2012); Sivachoerus giganteus Tobien, 1936] | |?- †N. tulosus Cooke & Ewer, 1972 [=? Sivachoerus syrticus Leonardi, 1952 (Pickford, 2012)] | `--+--+-- †N. pattersoni Cooke & Ewer, 1972 | | `--o †N. kanamensis Leakey, 1958 | | |-- †N. k. kanamensis Leakey, 1958 | | `-- †N. k. waylandi Cooke & Coryndon, 1970 | `--+-- †N. jaegeri Coppens, 1971 [Nyanzachoerus plicatus Cooke & Ewer, 1972; Notochoerus jaegeri (Coppens, 1971)] | `--o †Notochoerus Broom, 1925 [Gerontochoerus Leakey, 1943] | |?- †N. harrisi van der Made, 1999 | |-- †N. euilus (Hopwood, 1926) | `--+-- †N. clarki White & Suwa, 2004 | `--+-- †N. capensis Broom, 1925 | `-- †N. scotti (Leakey, 1943) [Gerontochoerus scotti Leakey, 1943] `--+-- †Namachoerus moruoroti (Wilkinson, 1979) Pickford, 1995 [Namachoerinae Pickford, 1995] `--o Suinae Gray, 1821 (non Zittel, 1893) sensu McKenna & Bell, 1997 (modern pigs; siat) |--o Suini Gray, 1821 [incl. Dicoryphochoerini Schmidt-Kittler, 1971] (Eurasian forest pigs; metsäsiat) | |-- †Korynochoerus palaeochoerus Schmidt-Kittler, 1971 | |--o †Hippopotamodon Lydekker, 1877 [Dicoryphochoerus Pilgrim, 1926, Hyosus; Limnostonyx Ginsburg] | | |-- †H. binxianensis (Liu et al., 1978) [Dicoryphochoerus binxianensis Liu et al., 1978] | | |-- †H. medius (Tang et al., 1985) [Dicoryphochoerus medius Tang et al., 1985] | | |?- †H. hyotheroides (Schlosser, 1903) [Propotamochoerus hyotheroides] | | |-- †H. antiquus (Kaup, 1832) [Sus antiquus Kaup, 1832; Microstonyx antiquus (Kaup, 1832); Limnostonyx antiquus (Kaup, 1832) Ginsburg] | | `-- †H. sivalense Lydekker, 1877 [Sus titan Lydekker, 1884; Dicoryphochoerus robustus Pilgrim, 1926; Dicoryphochoerus titanoides Pilgrim, 1926] | |-- †Eumaiochoerus etruscus (Michelotti, 1861) Hürzeler, 1982 | |--o †Microstonyx Pilgrim, 1926 [= Hippopotamodon?] | | |-- †M. major (Gervais, 1848-1952) [Sus erymanthius Roth & Wagner, 1854; Sus (Microstonyx) erymanthius Pearson, 1928; Dicoryphochoerus binxianensis Liu et al., 1978; Dicoryphochoerus medius Tang et al., 1985; ?Dicoryphochoerus meteai Ozansoy, 1965] | | `-- †M. antiquus (Kaup, 1833) | `--o Sus Linnaeus, 1758 sensu Wilson & Reeder, 2005 [incl. Annamisus Heude, 1892; Aulacochoerus Gray, 1873; Capriscus Gloger, 1841; Caprisculus Strand, 1928; Centuriosus Gray, 1862; Dasychoerus Gray, 1873; Euhys Gray, 1869; Eusus Gray, 1868; Gyrosus Gray, 1862; Indisus Heude, 1899; Microsus Heude, 1899; Nesosus Heude, 1892; Porcula Hodgson, 1847; Porculia Jerdon, 1874; Porcus S. D. W., 1836; Ptychochoerus Fitzinger, 1864; Rhinosus Heude, 1894; Scrofa Gray, 1868; Sinisus Heude, 1892; Taenisus Heude, 1899; Verrusus Heude, 1894; Vittatus Heude, 1899] (pigs; siat) | |?- †“Sus” sondaari | |?- †Sus nanus van der Made, 1988 | |?- †Sus sangirensis von Koenigswald, 1963 | |?- †Sus australis Han, 1987 | |?- †Sus bijiashanensis Han et al., 1975 | |?- †Sus falconeri | |?- †Sus houi Qi et al., 1999 | |?- †Sus jiaoshanensis Zhao, 1980 | |?- †Sus liuchengensis Han, 1987 | |?- †Sus lydekkeri Zdansky, 1928 | |?- †Sus offecinalis Koenigswald, 1933 | |?- †Sus peii Han, 1987 | |?- †Sus subtriquetra Xue, 1981 | |?- †Sus xiaozhu Han et al., 1975 | |?- Sus ahoenobarbus Huet, 1888 (Palawan Pig; Palawan bearded pig) | |?- Sus oliveri Groves, 1997 (Oliver's Warty Pig; Mindoro warty pig) | |?-o Dasychoerus Gray, 1873 [Sus Linnaeus, 1758 in partem] | | |-- †D. strozzi (Forsyth Major, 1881) [Sus strozzi] | | |-- †D. arvanensis (Croizet & Jobert, 1828) [Aper arvernensis Croizet & Jobert, 1828; Sus arvanensis (Croizet & Jobert, 1828); Kolpochoerus deheinzelini Brunet & White, 2001] | | |-- †D. natrunensis Pickford, 2012 [Sus minor) (Tobien, 1936) in partem] | | |-- D. celebensis (Müller & Schlegel, 1843) [Sus celebensis] (Celebes warty pig; Sulawesi warty pig; celebesinsika) | | `-- D. verrucosus [Sus verrucosus] (Javan warty pig; käsnäsika) | |?-o Euhys Gray, 1869 [Sus Linnaeus, 1758 in partem] | | |?- E. cebifrons (Heude, 1888) [Sus cebifrons] (Visayan warty pig, visayanpartasika) | | `--o E. barbatus (Müller, 1838) [Sus barbatus Müller, 1838] (Bearded Pig; partasika) | | |-- E. b. barbatus (Müller, 1838) [gargantua Miller, 1906; longirostris Nehring, 1885] (partasika) | | `-- E. b. oi (Miller, 1902) [branti Kloss, 1921; edmondi Sody, 1937; sumatranus Kelm, 1939] (lännenpartasika) | |-- Porcula salvanius Hodgson, 1847 (Pygmy Hog; kääpiösika) | `--o Sus Linnaeus, 1758 (pigs; siat) | |?- S. bucculentus Heude, 1892 (Vietnamese Warty Pig; Heude's Pig; vietnaminpahkasika) [possibly a variant of Sus scrofa (Robins et al., 2006)] | |?-+-- S. heureni Hardjasasmita, 1987 (floressaarenpahkasika; Flores Warty Pig) | | `-- S. philippensis Nehring, 1886 (filippiinienpahkasika; Philippine Warty Pig) | |?- S. timoriensis (Timor Warty Pig) | `--o S. scrofa Linnaeus, 1758 (Eurasian wild pig; villisika, metsäkarju) | |-- S. s. domesticus Erxleben, 1777 (domesticated pig; kesysika) [polyphyletic] | |-- S. s. scrofa Linnaeus, 1758 (wild boar; villisika (Keski-Eurooppa)) | |-- S. s. riukiuanus (riukiunvillisika) | `-- S. s. vittatus (juovasika (Kaakkois-Aasia)) `--+--o Potamochoerini Gray, 1873 [Potamochoerina Gray, 1873; Potamochoerini Thenius, 1970] (African bush pigs; pensselisiat) | |?-o †Celebochoerus Hooijer, 1948 | | |-- †C. heekereni Hooijer, 1948 | | `-- †C. cagayanensis Ingicco, in Ingicco, van den Bergh, de Vos, Castro, Amano & Bautista, 2016 | |?-o †Propotamochoerus Pilgrim, 1925 | | |?- †P. salinus | | |-- †P. hysudricus (Stehlin, 1899) [Sus hysudricus] | | |-- †P. palaeochoerus (Kaup, 1833) | | |?- †P. hyotheroides (Schlosser, 1903) [Hippopotamodon hyotheroides] | | |-- †P. parvulus (Chang, 1974) [Potamochoerus parvulus Chang, 1974; Propotamochoerus wui van der Made & Han, 1994] | | `-- †P. provincialis (Gervais, 1859) [Sus provincialis Gervais, 1859] | |-- †“Kolpochoerus” afarensis Cooke, 1978 | `--+--o Potamochoerus Gray, 1854 [Choiropotamus, Eostopotamochoerus, Koiropotamus, Postpotamochoerus] (bush pigs; pensselisiat) | | |?- †P. (Postpotamochoerus) hyotheroides (Schlosser, 1903) Thenius, 1950 [Propotamochoerus hyotheroides (Schlosser, 1903)] | | `--o (Potamochoerus) Gray, 1854 | | |-- P. (P.) porcus (Linnaeus, 1758) [Potamochoerus albifrons Du Chaillu, 1860; Potamochoerus albinuchalis Lönnberg, 1919; Potamochoerus guineensis (Pallas, 1766); Potamochoerus mawambicus Lorenz, 1923; Potamochoerus penicillatus (Schinz, 1848); Potamochoerus pictus (Gray, 1852); Potamochoerus ubangensis Lönnberg, 1910] (bush pig; pensselisika) | | `--o P. (P.) larvatus (Cuvier, 1822) | | |-- P. (P.) l. larvatus (Cuvier, 1822) | | |-- P. (P.) l. edwardsi Grandidier, 1867 [hova Lönnberg, 1910; madagascariensis (Grandidier, 1867)] | | |-- P. (P.) l. hassama Heuglin, 1863 [arrhenii Lönnberg, 1917; daemonis Forsyth Major, 1897; intermedius Lönnberg, 1910; keniae Lönnberg, 1912; schulzi (Zukowsky, 1921)] | | |-- P. (P.) l. koiropotamus (Desmoulins, 1831) [africanus (von Schreber, 1791); capensis (Gray, 1847); choeropotamus Forsyth Major, 1897] | | |-- P. (P.) l. nyasae Forsyth Major, 1897 [congicus Lönnberg, 1910; cottoni Pinfold, 1928; johnstoni Forsyth Major, 1897; maschona Lönnberg, 1910] | | `-- P. (P.) l. somaliensis De Beaux, 1924 | `--o †Kolpochoerus E.C.N. van Hoepen & H. E. van Hoepen, 1932 [taxonomic history] [paraphyletic] | |-- †Kolpochoerus limnetes (Hopwood, 1926) [taxonomic history] | `--+-- †Kolpochoerus phacochoeroides (Thomas, 1884) [taxonomic history] | `--+?- †K. sp. | |?- †K. olduvaiensis (Leakey, 1942) [taxonomic history] | |-- †K. paiceae (Broom, 1931) [taxonomic history] | `--o Hylochoerus meinertzhageni Thomas, 1904 (Giant forest hog; jättiläismetsäkarju) | |-- H. m. ivoriensis Bouet & Neuville, 1930 | |-- H. m. rimator Thomas, 1906 | `-- H. m. meinertzhageni Thomas, 1904 `--+--o †Hippohyini Thenius, 1970 | |-- †Sivahyus punjabiensis Pilgrim, 1926 [Hyosus Pilgrim, 1926] | |?- †Sinohyus von Koenigswald, 1963 | `--o †Hippohyus Falconer & Gautley, in Owen, 1840-45 (non 1847) | |-- †H. sivalensis Falconer & Gautley, 1847 | `-- †H. lydekkeri Pilgrim, 1910 `--+--o Babyrousa Perry, 1811 [Babyrousini Gray, 1868] (hirvisiat, pig-deers; babirussa) | |-- †B. babyrussa beruensis | `--+-- B. babyrussa (Linnaeus, 1758) (Buru babirusa; hairy babirussa; golden babirusa; Moluccan babirusa; hirvisika) | |?- B. bolabatuensis Hooijer, 1950 (Bola Batu babirusa) | |?- B. celebensis Deninger, 1909 (North Sulawesi babirusa; Sulawesi babirusa; sulawesinhirvisika) | `?- B. togeanensis (Sody, 1949) (Togian babirusa; Malenge babirusa) `--o Phacochoerini Gray, 1868 (pahkasiat) |-- †Potamochoeroides shawi (Dale, 1948) Dale, 1948 [Pronotochoerus shawi Dale, 1948, incl. Potamochoeroides hypsodon Dale, 1948] |--o †Metridiochoerus Hopwood, 1926 [taxonomic history] | |-- †M. jacksoni (Leakey, 1943) [taxonomic history] | |?- †M. modestus | |-- †M. nyanzae (Leakey, 1958) [taxonomic history] | `--+-- †M. andrewsi Hopwood, 1926 [Notochoerus meadowsi] | `-- †M. campactus (E.C.N. van Hoepen & H.E. van Hoepen, 1932) [taxonomic history] `--o Phacochoerus Cuvier, 1817 [taxonomic history] (warthogs; pahkasiat) |-- †P. modestus (E.C.N. van Hoepen & H.E. van Hoepen, 1932) [taxonomic history] |-- †P. kabuae Whitworth, 1965 `--+-- †P. aethiopicus (Pallas, 1767) [taxonomic history] (kapinpahkasika; Cape warthog) `-- P. africanus Gmelin, 1788 [taxonomic history] (pahkasika; Common Warthog)
Reference(s):
- Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Cooke, H. B. S. & Wilkinson, A. F., 1978: Suidae and Tayassuidae. (435-482)
in Maglio, V. J. & Cooke, H. B. S., (eds.) 1978: Evolution of African mammals.
–Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts & London, England, 1978, xiv-641 - Covert, H. H., Hamrick, M. W., Dzanh, T. & McKinney, K. C., 2001: Fossil mammals from the Late Miocene of Vietnam.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 21, #3, pp. 633-636 - Fortelius, M., van der Made, J. & Bernor, R. L., 1996: A new Listriodont suid, Bunolistriodon meidamon sp. nov., from the Middle Miocene of Anatolia.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 16, #1, pp. 149-164 - Gentry, A., Clutton-Brock, J. & Groves, C. P., 1996: Case 3010: Proposed conservation of usage of 15 mammal specific names based on wild species which are antedated by or contemporary with those based on domestic animals.
–Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature: Vol. 53, #1, pp. 28-37 - Geraads, D., 1993: Kolpochoerus phacochoeroides (Thomas, 1884) (Suidae, Mammalia), du Pliocène supérieur de Ahl al Oughlam (Casablanca, Maroc).
–Geobios: Vol. 26, #6, pp. 731-743 [doi: 10.1016/S0016-6995(93)80056-W] - Geraads, D., Kaya, T. & Mayda, S., 2005: Late Miocene large mammals from Yulafli, Thrace region, Turkey, and their biogeographic implications.
–Acta Palaeontologica Polonica: Vol. 50, #3, pp. 523-544 - Groves, C. P., Scheller, G. B., Amato, G., & Khounboline, K., 1997: Rediscovery of the wild pig Sus bucculentus.
–Nature: Vol. 386, 27 March, pp. 335 - Harris, J. M. & Liu, L., 2007: 10. Superfamily Suoidea (130-150).
in Prothero, D. R. & Foss, S. E., (eds.) 2007: The Evolution of Artiodactyls.
–The Johns Hpkins University Press, Baltimore, 2007, xii-367 - Hunter, J. P. & Fortelius, M., 1994: Comperative dental occlusal morphology, facet development, and microwear in two sympatric species of Listriodon (Mammalia: Suidae) from the Middle Miocene of Western Anatolia (Turkey).
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 14, #1, pp. 105-126 - Ingicco, T., van den Bergh, G., de Vos, J., Castro, A., Amano, N. & Bautista, A., 2016: A new species of Celebochoerus (Suidae, Mammalia) from the Philippines and the paleobiogeography of the genus Celebochoerus Hooijer, 1948.
–Geobios: Vol. 49, #4, pp. 285-291 [doi: 10.1016/j.geobios.2016.05.006] - Liu, L., 2003: Chinese fossil Suoidea - Systematics, Evolution, and Paleoecology. 1-40
–University of Helsinki, Department of Geology, Division of Geology and Paleontology, Doctorate Thesis.
Printed: ISBN 952-10-1196-3 [PDF: ISBN 902-10-1197-1, http://www.ethesis.helsinki.fi] - McKenna, M. C. & Bell, S. K., (eds.) 1997: Classification of mammals – above the species level.
–Columbia University Press, New York, 1997, xii-631 - Nowak, R. M., 1991: Walker's Mammals of the World; Part 1.
–The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 1991, xlviii-642-lxiii - Nowak, R. M., 1991: Walker's mammals of the World; Part 2.
–The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 1991, xii-643-1629 - Pickford, M., 2001a: New species of Listriodon (Suidae, Mammalia) from Bartule, Member A, Ngorora Formation (ca 13 Ma) Tugen Hills, Kenya.
–Annales de Paléontologie: Vol. 87, #3, pp. 207-221 - Pickford, M., 2001b: The biochronological importance of Kubanochoerine (Mammalia, Suidae), together with a description of new material of Megalochoerus khinzikebirus and Libycochoerus massai from Kenya.
–Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Science Serie II, Fascicule A: Vol. 332, #2, pp. 193-200 - Pickford, M., 2012: Ancestors of Broom's pigs.
–Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa: Vol. 67, #1, pp. 17-35 [doi: 10.1080/0035919X.2012.689265] - Pickford, M. & Liu, L., 2001: Revision of the Miocene Suidae of Xiaolongtan (Kaiyuan), China.
–Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana: Vol. 40, #2, pp. 275-283 - Pickford, M. & Morales, J., 2003: New Listriodontinae (Mammalia, Suidae) from Europe and a review of listriodont evolution, biostratigraphy and biogeography.
–Geodiversitas: Vol. 25, #2, pp. 347-404 - Robins, J. H., Ross, H. A., Allen, M. S. & Matisoo-Smith, E., 2006: Sus bucculentus revisited.
–Nature: Vol. 440, pp. E7 - White, T. D. & Suwa, G., 2004: A new species of Notochoerus (Artiodactyla, Suidae) from the Pliocene of Ethiopia.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 24, #2, pp. 474-480 - Wilson, D. E. & Reeder, D. M., 2005: Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed). –Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005, 2142 [https://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/]