(Mainly) after Carroll, 1988, and Jalil, 1997
<==o †Protorosauria Lydekker, 1888 [Prolacertiformes Camp, 1945] |--o †Protorosauridae Lydekker, 1888 | |?- †Aenigmastropheus parringtoni Ezcurra, Scheyer & Butler, 2014 | `-- †Protorosaurus speneri Meyer, 1830 `--+?-o †Prolacertidae Parrington, 1935 [non-Proterosaurian archosauromorphs (Ezcurra, Scheyer & Butler, 2014)] | |?- †Kadimakara australiensis Bartholomai, 1979 | |-- †Pamelaria dolichotrachela K. Sen, 2003 | `-- †Prolacerta broomi Parrington, 1935 `--+--+-- †Jesairosaurus lehmani Jalil, 1997 | `--o †Malerisaurus Chatterjee, 1980 | |-- †M. langstoni Chatterjee, 1986 | `-- †M. robinsonae Chatterjee, 1980 `--+?-o †Drepanosauridae [Megalancosauridae Renesto, 1994] [transfered to a new basal diapsid group Avicephala by Phil Senter (2004)] | |-- †Hypuronector limnaios Colbert & Olsen, 2001 | |-- †Drepanosauridae genera et species indet. [GR 1113] [U. Tri. SWNA.] [Harris & Downs, 2002] | |-- †Megalancosaurus preonensis Calzavara et al., 1980 | |-- †Drepanosaurus unguicaudatus Pinna, 1979 | `-- †Dolabrosaurus aquatilis Berman & Reisz, 1994 |--o †Macrocnemus [Macrochemus] | |-- †M. basanii (Nopcsa, 1930) [Macrocnemus bassanni Nopcsa, 1930] | `-- †M. fuyuanensis Li, Zhao & Wang, 2007 `--+--o †Langobardisaurus Renesto, 1994 | |?- †L. tonelloi | `-- †L. pandolfii Renesto, 1994 |?- †Amotosaurus rotfeldensis Fraser & Rieppel, 2006 `--+-- †Boreopricea funerea Tatarinov, 1978 `--+-- †Cosesaurus aviceps Ellenberger & de Villalta, 1974 `--o †Tanystrophidae Gervais, 1858 |-- †Tanytrachelos ahynis Olsen, 1979 `--o †Tanystropheus Meyer, 1855 [Tribelesodon Nopcsa, 1923] |?- †T. antiquus von Huene, 1907-08 [nomen dubium, most of type series lost in WWII] |-- †T. meridensis Wild, 1980 |-- †T. longobardicus Peyer, 1931 `-- †T. conspicuus Meyer, 1855
Protorosauria incertae sedis:
†Dinocephalosaurus orientalis Li, 2003
†Fuyuansaurus acutirostris Fraser, Rieppel & Chun, 2013
†Malutinisuchus gratus Ochev, 1986
†Microcnemus efremovi Huene, 1940
†Prolacertoides jumusarensis Yang, 1973
†Trachelosaurus fischeri Broili, 1918
†Vritramimosaurus dzerzhinskii Sennikov, 2005
After Ezcurra, Scheyer & Butler, 2014<==o †Protorosauria |--o †Protorosauridae | |-- †Aenigmastropheus | `-- †Protorosaurus `--o †Tanystropheidae |-- †Macrocnemus `-- †Tanystropheus |
After Gottmann-Quesada & Sander, 2009<==o †Protorosauria |-- †Protorosaurus `--+--o †Drepanosauridae | |-- †Megalancosaurus | `-- †Drepanosaurus `--o †Tanystropheidae |-- †Macrocnemus `--+-- †Tanystropheus `-- †Langobardisaurus |
After Rieppel, Li & Fraser, 2008
<==o †Protorosauria
|--+-- †Megalancosaurus
| `-- †Drepanosaurus
|-- †Jesairosaurus
|-- †Dinocephalosaurus
`--+-- †Macrocnemus
`--+-- †Langobardisaurus
`--+-- †Tanystropheus
`-- †Tanytrachelos
|
After Jalil, 1997
<==o †Prolacertiformes
|-- †Protorosaurus speneri
`--+-- †Prolacerta broomi
`--+--+-- †Jesairosaurus
| `-- †Malerisaurus
`--+-- †Macrocnemus
`--+-- †Langobardisaurus
`--+-- †Boreopricea
`--+-- †Cosesaurus
`--+-- †Tanystropheus
`-- †Tanytrachelos
|
After Peters, 1997 [“The Pterosaur Homepage”]
|
Reference(s):
- Atanassov, M. N., 2001: Two new archosauromorphs from the Late Triassic of Texas.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 21, #3, Supplement to #3, pp. A30 - Chatterjee, S., 1986: Malerisaurus langstoni, a new diapsid reptile from the Triassic of Texas.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 6, #4, pp. 297-312 - Colbert, E. H. & Olsen, P. E., 2001: A new and unusual aquatic reptile from the Lockatong Formation of New Jersey (Late Triassic, Newark Supergroup).
–American Museum Novitates: #3334, pp. 1-24 - Ezcurra, M. D., Scheyer, T. M. & Butler, R. J., 2014: The Origin and Early Evolution of Sauria: Reassessing the Permian Saurian Fossil Record and the Timing of the Crocodile-Lizard Divergence.
–Plos One: Vol. 9, #2, pp. e89165 [doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089165] - Fraser, N. C. & Rieppel, O., 2006: A new protorosaur (Diapsida) from the upper Buntsandstein of the Black Forest, Germany.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 26, #4, pp. 866-871 [doi: 10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[866:anpdft]2.0.co;2] - Fraser, N. C., Rieppel, O. & Chun, L., 2013: A long-snouted protorosaur from the Middle Triassic of southern China.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 33, #5, pp. 1120-1126 [doi: 10.1080/02724634.2013.764310] - Gottmann-Quesada, A. & Sander, P. M., 2009: A redescription of the early archosauromorph Protorosaurus speneri Meyer,1832, and its phylogenetic relationships.
–Palaeontographica Abteilung A: Vol. 287, #4-6, pp. 123-220 - Harris, J. D. & Downs, A., 2002: A drepanosaurid pectoral girdle from the Ghost Ranch (Whitaker) Coelophysis quarry (Chinle Group, Rock Point Formation, Rhaetian), New Mexico.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 22, #1, pp. 70-75 - Jalil, N-E, 1997: A new prolacertiform diapsid from the Triassic of North Africa and the interrelationships of the Prolacertiformes.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 17, #3, pp. 506-525 - Jiang, D.-Y., Rieppel, O., Fraser, N. C., Motani, R., Hao, W.-C., Tintori, A., Sun, Y.-L. & Sun, Z.-Y., 2011: New information on the Protorosaurian reptile Macrocnemus fuyuanensis Li et al., 2007, from the Middle/Upper Triassic of Yunnan, China.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 31, #6, pp. 1230-1237 [doi: 10.1080/039.031.0614] - Li, C., Rieppel, O. C. & LaBarbera, M. C., 2004: A Triassic Aquatic Protorosaur with an Extremely Long Neck.
–Science: Vol. 305, pp. 1931 - Peters, D., 1997-2000: The origin of pterosaurs.
–iNet: The Pterosaur homepage: Pterosaur Origins: [no longer online]
[David Peters' new pages are at: http://pterosaurinfo.com/] - Renesto, S., 1994: Megalancosaurus, a possibly arboreal archosauromorph (Reptilia) from the Upper Triassic of northern Italy.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 14, #1, pp. 38-52 - Rieppel, O., Jiang, D.-Y., Fraser, N. C., Hao, W.-C., Motani, R., Sun, Y.-L. & Sun, Z.-Y., 2010: Tanystropheus cf. T. longobardicus from the Early Late Triassic of Guizhou Province, Southwestern China.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 30, #4, pp. 1082-1089 [doi: 10.1080/02724634.2010.483548] - Rieppel, O., Li, C. & Fraser, N. C., 2008: The skeletal aatomy of the Triassic Protorosaur Dinocephalosaurus orientalis Li, from the Middle Triassic of Guizhou Province, Southern China.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 28, #1, pp. 95-110 [doi: 10.1671/0272-4634(2008)28[95:tsaott]2.0.co;2] - Sen, K., 2003: Pamelaria dolichotrachela, a new prolacertid reptile from the Middle Triassic of India.
–Journal of Asian Earth Sciences: Vol. 21, pp. 663-681 - Sennikov, A. G., 2005: A new specialized prolacertilian (Reptilia: Archosauromorpha) from the Lower Triassic of the Orenburg Region.
–Paleontological Journal: vol. 39, #2, pp. 199-209
- Senter, P., 2004: Phylogeny of Drepanosauridae (Reptilia: Diapsida).
–Journal of Systematic Palaeontology: Vol. 2, #3, pp. 257-268 - Unwin, D. M., Alifanov, V. R. & Benton, M. J., 2000: Enigmatic small reptiles from the Middle-Late Triassic of Kirgizstan. 177-186
in Benton, M. J., Shishkin, M. A., Unvin, D. M. & Kurochkin, E. N., (eds.) 2000: The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia.
–Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000 xxxix-696