Below is a list of animations I have made over the years to illustrate simulation results on collision cascades I have gotten in the work. In most of them, every sphere or dot denotes the position of an atom at a given instant of time.
As a rule of thumb, the higher up the animation is in the list, the better it is in technical quality. The top contains animations made mainly for tutorial purposes.
| Tutorial animation | Background/explanation |
| 10 keV keV Cu -> Cu with 0.5 percent Frenkel pairs | [AVI] 10 keV Cu self-ion on Cu with 0.5 percent Frenkel pairs. The movie illustrates the self-healing effect first described in [Nordlund and Averback, Phys. Rev. B 56, 2421 (1997)] |
| 1 keV Xe -> Cu | [WMV] 1 keV Xe ion hitting Cu, shown both in a 3D and a cross-sectional view. |
| 3 keV Au -> Au | [WMV] 3 keV self-recoil in Au, includes visualization of defect formation and migration after the collisional stage of the cascade. Note that since the simulation uses periodic boundaries, there is eventually perfect defect recombination, in reality a few of the defects would likely escape the initial cascade region. |
| 10 keV Au -> Au | [WMV] 10 keV self-recoil in Au, includes display of maximum kinetic energy of any atom in system to illustrate thermalization. [Phys. Rev. B. 57, 7556 (1998)] |
| 10 keV Fe -> Fe | [WMV] 10 keV self-recoil in Fe plotted in three different color scales: kinetic energy, potential energy and atom displacements. This illustrates the problem with the NRT-dpa standard and the reason for us to develop the improved arc-dpa and rpa equations [Nature comm. 9, 1084 (2018)] |
| 1 keV Si -> Si: 1000 ion trajectories | [WMV] Trajectories of 1000 1 keV Si ions incoming on Si (001), plotting only ion position. Theta varied between 0 and 10 degrees. |
| 30 keV Xe -> Au | [AVI] 30 keV Xe impact on Au (7 degrees off the 100 direction i.e. partly channeled) [Phys. Rev. B 64, 235426 (2001)] |
| 50 keV Xe -> Au | [WMV] Crater production and damage formation by 50 keV Xe -> Au [Phys. Rev. B 64, 235426 (2001)]; animation redone in 2016. |
| 50 keV Xe -> Au, liq. | [WMV] Same as above but plotting only liquid atoms |
| 5 keV Ar -> Ni | [WMV] 5 keV Ar impact on Ni, tilted top view |
| 5 keV Ar -> Ni | [WMV] 5 keV Ar impact on Ni, cross section (same event as above) |
| 500 eV Au -> Cu | [AVI] 500 eV Au impact on Cu (made for demonstration only, can you spot the minor cheat used only for plotting?) |
| 10 keV Au -> Cu3Au | Disordering by a 10 keV Au -> Cu3Au cascade [Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. B 175-177, 31 (2001)] |
| 5 keV Si -> Si | [WMV] 5 keV Si recoil in Si [Phys. Rev. B. 57, 7556 (1998)] |
| Non-irradiation tutorial animations | Background/explanation |
| Melting of Si | [WMV] Melting of bilayer c-Si/l-Si system at 2000 K [Stillinger-Weber interatomic potential; Phys. Rev. B. 57, 7556 (1998)] |
| Crystallization of Si | [WMV] Crystallization of bilayer c-Si/l-Si system at 1500 K [Stillinger-Weber interatomic potential; Phys. Rev. B. 57, 7556 (1998)] |
| Mixing in Cu/Ni | [WMV] Interface mixing in Cu/Ni system at 1200 K by 20 vacancies |
| Nc gas condensation | [WMV] Condensation of Ag nanoclusters in an Ar gas [e.g. ACS Nano 10, 2684 (2016)] |
| Animation | Background/explanation |
| 1 keV Ar -> Si nanowire | [WMV] 1 keV Ar -> Si nanowire [Hoilijoki et al, J. Appl. Phys. 110, 043540 (2011)] |
| 250 eV Ar -> a-Si | [WMV] Atom displacements induced by 250 eV Ar -> a-Si [Norris et al, Nature communications 2, 276 (2011)] |
| 3 keV He -> nc-CuAu | [MPEG] 3 keV He hitting a CuAu multiply twinned icosahedral nanocrystal [Järvi et al, EPL 85 (2009) 26001] |
| 2 MeV/cluster Au100 -> Au | [AVI] 2 MeV/cluster Au100 -> Au cluster impact [Nordlund et al, Appl. Phys. A 91 (2008) 561] |
| 100 eV C60 -> NT | [AVI] 100 eV fullerene impact on nanotubes lying on Pt substrate |
| 100 eV Au -> Au | [WMV] Replacement collision sequence in Au with and without zero-point vibrations. Not published, made for illustration purpose only (physics is well known) |
| 5 keV Si -> Si | [WMV] 5 keV Si recoil in Si |
| 20 keV Fe -> FeCr | [AVI] 20 keV self-recoil in Fe_90Cu_10 |
| 10 keV Au -> Cu3Au | Disordering by a 10 keV Au -> Cu3Au cascade [Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. B 175-177, 31 (2001)] |
| 20 eV H -> a-C:H | [AVI] Swift chemical sputtering of a-C:H [Phys. Rev. B 63, 195415 (2001)] |
| 10 keV Si self-recoil | [AVI] 10 keV Si self-recoil |
| 10 keV GaAs self-recoil | [AVI] 10 keV GaAs self-recoil [J. Appl. Phys. 90, 1710 (2001)] |
| 100 keV Xe -> Au 100 surface | [AVI] Crater production and damage formation by 100 keV Xe -> Au [Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. B 206, 189 (2003)] |
| 100 keV Xe -> Au 100 surface | [GIF anim] Crater production and damage formation by 100 keV Xe -> Au [Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. B 206, 189 (2003)] |
| 10 keV Co -> Co | 10 keV Co -> Co surface cascade, made just for demonstration |
| 20 keV Au -> Au | Mai Ghaly's 20 keV Au -> Au animation |
| Graphite D3 defect formation: MPEG | AVI | Effects of low-energy self-ion impacts on graphite, see [Phys. Rev. Lett. 77 (1996) 699.] |
| 10 keV Al -> Al (bulk, 2D) | Click here |
| 10 keV Al -> Al (bulk, 3D) | Click here |
| 10 keV Au -> Au (bulk, 2D) | Click here |
| 10 keV Au -> Au (bulk, 3D) | Click here |
| 10 keV Cu -> Cu (bulk, 2D) | Click here |
| 10 keV Cu -> Cu (bulk, 3D) | Click here |
| 10 keV Ge -> Ge (bulk, 2D) | Click here |
| 10 keV Ge -> Ge (bulk, 3D) | Click here |
| 10 keV Si -> Si (bulk, 2D) | Click here |
| 10 keV Si -> Si (bulk, 3D) | Click here |
| 50 keV Ni -> Ni (bulk, 3D) | Click here |
| 200 keV Pt -> Pt (bulk, 2D) | Click here |
| 200 keV Pt -> Pt (bulk, 3D) | Click here |
| 200 keV Pt -> Pt #2 (bulk, 2D) | Click here |
| 200 keV Pt -> Pt #2 (bulk, 3D) | Click here |
| 50 keV Cu -> Cu3Au (3D) | None available |
| 1 keV Si -> Si, really old, MPEG | Click here |
| 1 keV Si -> Si, really old, MPEG | Click here |
Technical note for the nerds out there: Many of the animations have been made with a slightly modified version of Rasmol, a really nice public domain atom and molecule visualization software. A few other have been made with dpc, a piece of own software for making animations from MD simulations really quickly.
