English vowels (monophthongs)

Deterding, David (1997) The formants of monophthong vowels in Standard Southern British English pronunciation. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 27, 47-55.

American English vowels

Data from:
G. E. Peterson & H.L.Barney (1952) Control methods used in a study of the vowels. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 24, 175-184

French oral vowels

Azami, Z. (1992) Inversion acoustico-articulatoire par algorithmes génétiques. Rapport d'activités de L'institut de Phonétique n:o 28, Universite Libre de Bruxelles.

Italian vowels

German vowels (monophthongs).

Iivonen, Antti (1987) Zur regionalen Variation der betonten Vokale im gehobenen Deutsch. Leena Kahlas-Tarkka (toim.), Neophilologica Fennica. Neuphilologischer Verein 100 Jahre. Mémoires de la Société Néophilologique de Helsinki XLV, 87-119.

German stressed vowels

Primary stressed vowels of Viennese German

The vowels of Viennese German (mean values of three female speakers). The long close vowel series /i:, y:, u:/ and the short one /i, y, u/ do not qualitatively differ from each other except for the slight centralization of the short vowels. However, the long mid vowels /e:, ø:, o:/ are very different from the corresponding short vowel series. Therefore, the IPA symbols referring to greater openness should be used for the short vowels. As an average, the long vowels in the words "Ehre" and "Ähre" have been produced in an almost identical fashion. The quality of short and long /a/ vowels is the same as produced by these speakers.

Data from:
Antti Iivonen (1987) Monophthonge des gehobenen Wienerdeutsch. Folia linguistica (Acta Societatis Linguisticae Europaeae) XXI (1-3), 293-336.

Vowels of Sweden Swedish

The sustained vowels of Sweden Swedish as the mean over 24 male speakers. The F1/F2 chart does not sufficiently distinguish the vowels /i:/ and /y:/. Therefore, the spectrum above the formant F2 is significant as well. In comparison to Finland Swedish, the vowel in the words "Rut" and "ute" is much more fronted. The long /a:/ of Sweden Swedish is very back in comparison to Finland Swedish (and is often represented with the symbol expressing roundedness, i.e., it is close to the vowel /o:/; cf. "tala"/"tåla").

Data from:
Gunnar Fant (1973) Speech Sounds and Features. Cambridge, Mass./London: M.I.T. Press.

Short vowels of Finland Swedish

The short vowels of Finland Swedish (mean of four male speakers). Taustana pitkien vokaalien sijainnit (mustat ympyrät). Vokaalilaaduissa voidaan havaita sentraalistumista pitkiin verrattuina. Suppeassa sarjassa ("hitta", "hylla", "hund", "hosta") sentraalistuminen on lievää. Välisarjassa lyhyiden väljentyminen (= F1 on korkeampi) on huomattava ja siksi lyhyet välivokaalit on perusteltua ilmaista suurempaa väljyyttä ilmaisevilla IPA-symboleilla. /r/-konsonantin etinen vokaali ("dörr") on huomattavan väljä. Ks. suomenruotsin pitkät vokaalit
Ks. ruotsinruotsin pitkät vokaalit.

Numeerinen aineisto:
Mikael Reuter (1971) Vokalerna in finlandsvenskan: en instrumentell analys och ett försök till systematisering enligt särdrag. Festskrift till Olav Ahlbeck 28.3.1971, 240-249.

The long vowels of Finland Swedish

See short vowels in Finland Swedish
See long vowels in Sweden Swedish

Data from:
Mikael Reuter (1971) Vokalerna in finlandsvenskan: en instrumentell analys och ett försök till systematisering enligt särdrag. Festskrift till Olav Ahlbeck 28.3.1971, 240-249.

Finnish stressed vowels