Species lists

II

Appendix 1: Carabid beetles collected across the Bulgarian urban-rural gradient

U - urban, S - suburban, R - rural. Values in red represent the most abundant species across the urban-rural gradient (this data are currently in press)

 Species  U  S  R  Species  U  S  R
 Abax carinatus Duftschmid 1812 230 215 185 Leistus ferrugineus L. 1758 13 0 0
 Agonum viduum Panzer 1774 1 0 0 L. rufomarginatus Duftshmid 1812 230 26 3
 Amara aenea DeGeer 1774 0 1 0 Loricera pilicornis F. 1775 2 0 0
 A. eurynota Panzer 1797 0 2 0 Molops dilatatus dilatatus Chaudoir 1868 0 21 0
 A. familiaris Duftschmid 1812 2 0 0 M. piceus bulgaricus Maran 1938 0 67 99
 A. ovata F. 1792 5 0 5 M. robustus parallelus Mlynar 1976 0 29 112
 A. saphyrea Dejean 1828 0 0 1 M. rufipes golobardensis Mlynar 1976 0 0 331
 Anchomenus dorsalis Pontoppidan 1763 73 0 1 Myas chalybaeus Palliardi 1825 0 198 25
 Aptinus bombarda Illiger 1800 0 1053 820 Nebria brevicollis F. 1792 269 9 17
 Asaphidion flavipes L. 1761 63 0 0 Notiophilus palustris Duftshmid 1812 3 0 0
 Badister bullatus Schrank 1798 1 0 0 N. rufipes Curtis 1829 60 40 22
 Bembidion lampros Herbst 1784 68 0 3 Ophonus nitidulus Stephens 1828 9 1 0
 B. tetracolum Say 1823 0 0 14 O. rufibarbis F. 1792 7 0 0
 Calathus fuscipes Goeze 1777 7 60 0 Panagaeus bipustulatus F. 1775 1 0 0
 C. melanocephalus L. 1758 1 1 0 Patrobus atrorufus Stroem 1768 2 0 0
 C. inquisitor L. 1758 0 3 6 Platyderus rufus Duftschmid 1812 0 0 2
 Carabus convexus F. 1775 0 12 64 Platynus assimilie Paykull 1790 166 2 242
 C. coriaceus L. 1758 97 114 199 P. scrobiculatus F. 1801 0 0 3
 C. hortensis L. 1758 0 17 86 Poecilus cupreus L. 1758 1 0 0
 C. intricatus L. 1761 0 3 32 Pterostichus anthracinus Illiger 1798 3 0 0
 C. montivagus Pallairdi 1825 0 2 17 P. brucki Schaum 1859 0 0 5
 C. ullrichi Germar 1824 0 23 36 P. melanarius Illiger 1798 78 50 38
 C. violaceus L. 1758 135 39 98 P. melas Creutzer 1799 0 24 0
 Clivina fossor L. 1758 3 0 0 P. niger Schaller 1783 1 0 8
 Cychrus semigranosus Pallairdi 1825 0 51 46 P. nigrita Paykull 1790 0 0 1
 Diachromus germanus L. 1758 0 0 1 P. oblongopunctatus F. 1787 9 0 11
 Gynandromorphus etruscus Quensel 1806 0 4 2 P. ovoideus Sturm 1824 13 0 0
 Harpalus affinis Schrank 1781 1 0 0 P. strenuus Panzer 1797 17 0 4
 H. atratus Latreille 1804 2 12 6 Stomis pumicatus Panzer 1796 2 1 1
 H. cupreus fastuosus Faldermann 1836 1 1 1 Syntomus obscuroguttatus Duftsch 1812 4 0 0
 H. luteicornis Duftschmid 1812 11 0 0 S. vivalis Illiger 1798 3 1 5
 H. quadripunctatus Dejean 1829 0 0 1 Tapinopterus kaufmanni Ganglbauer 1896 0 3 24
 H. rubripes Duftschmid 1812 1 0 2 Trechus obtusus Erichson 1837 2 0 7
 H. rufipes DeGeer 1774 14 6 13 T. quadristriatus Schrank 1781 34 0 0
 H. serripes Quensel 1806 0 1 0 Xenion ignitum Kraatz 1875 0 18 393
 Laemostenus terricola Herbst 1783 53 100 133        
 Lebia humeralis Dejean 1825 2 0 0 Total number of individuals

 1700

 2210

 3125
        Total number of species

 44

36

45

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Appendix 2: Carabid beetles collected across the Canadian urban-rural gradient

 U - urban, S - suburban, R - rural. Species in blue are exotics, introduced from Europe, values in red, represent the most abundant species across the urban-rural gradient (this data are currently in press)

 Species  U  S  R  Species  U S R
Agonum corvus Leconte 1860 3 6 1 Cymindis cribricollis Dejean 1831 2 4 3
A. cupreum Dejean 1831 1 0 0 Harpalus fulvilabris Mannerheim 1853 13 15 7
A. gratiosum Mannerheim 1853 1 4 29 H. ventralis Leconte 1848 0 1 0
A. piceolum Leconte 1879 23 16 0 Loricera pilicornis F. 1775 2 2 2
A. placidum Say 1823 4 10 1 Nebria gyllenhali Schönherr 1806 22 6 0
A. propinquum Gemminger/Harold 1868 0 0 1 Patrobus foveocollis Eschscholtz 1823 2 6 11
A. retractum Leconte 1848 89 199 53 P. lecontei Chaudoir 1871 0 0 11
A. sordens Kirby 1837 0 4 61 P. septentrionis Dejean 1828 0 1 19
A. superioris Lth? 0 0 9 Platynus decentis Say 1823 176 165 123
A. thoreyi Dejean 1828 0 1 1 P. mannerhiemi Dejean 1828 0 0 14
Amara cupreolata Putzeys 1866 1 0 0 Pterostichus adstrictus Eschscholtz 1823 114 117 100
A. hyperborea Dejean 1831 0 0 2 P. lucublandus Say 1823 1 0 0
A. quenseli Schönherr 1806 1 0 0 P. melanarius Illiger 1798 ** 7970 2001 328
Bembidion fortestriatum Motsch. 1845 0 0 1 P. pensylvanicus Leconte 1873 107 81 66
Bradycellus lugubris Leconte 1848 0 0 3 P. riparius Dejean 1829 4 55 0
Calathus ingratus Dejean 1828 579 523 325 P. stygicus Say 1823 0 0 10
Calosoma frigidum Kirby 1837 0 2 11 Scaphinotus marginatus Fischer 1822 0 36 0
Carabus chamissonis Fischer 1822 0 1 7 Synuchus impunctatus Say 1823 60 186 100
C. granulatus L. 1758 ** 716 184 0 Trechus apicalis Motschulsky 1845 1 1 8
C. nemoralis Müller 1764 ** 666 48 0        
Chlaenius alternatus Horn 1871 0 0 1 Total number of individuals

 1206 (10559)

 1442 (3676)

 980 (1308)
Clivina fossor L. 1758 ** 1 1 0 Total number of species  21 (25)  24 (28)  28 (29)

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Appendix 3: Carabid beetles collected across the Finnish urban-rural gradient

 U - urban, S - suburban, R - rural. Values in red represent the most abundant species across the urban-rural gradient (this data are currently in press)

 Species  U  S  R  Species  U  S  R
Agonum fuliginosum Panzer 1809 0 0 1 Notiophilus biguttatus F. 1779 6 6 11
A. mannerheimi Dejean 1828 0 0 1 Patrobus assimilis Chaudoir 1844 6 0 1
A. obscurum Herbst 1784 2 0 7 P. atrorufus Ström 1768 2 0 94
A. thoreyi Dejean 1828 0 0 1 Pterostichus diligens Sturm 1824 2 1 1
Amara brunnea Gyllenhal 1810 9 141 19 P. melanarius Illiger 1798 34 84 416
A. eurynota Panzer 1797 0 1 0 P. niger Schaller 1793 12 28 161
Calathus micropterus Duftschmid 1812 153 223 209 P. oblongopunctatus F. 1787 51 100 124
Carabus glabratus Paykull 1790 0 2 8 P. strenuus Panzer 1797 11 2 1
C. hortensis L. 1758 4 81 58 Synuchus vivalis Illiger 1798 1 0 0
C. nemoralis Müller 1764 3 28 18 Trechus rubens F. 1792 0 0 1
Cychrus caraboides L. 1758 0 1 1 T. secalis Paykull 1790 31 3 33
Dromius fenestratus F. 1794 2 1 0        
Leistus ferrugineus L. 1758 3 1 0 Total number of individuals

 333

 703

 1167
L. terminatus Hellwig 1793 1 0 1 Total number of species

 18

 16

 21

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Appendix 4: Carabid beetles collected across the Japanese urban-rural gradient

 U - urban, S - suburban, R - rural. Values in red represent the most abundant species across the urban-rural gradient (this data are currently being analysed)

 Species  U  S  R  Species  U  S  R
Anisodactylus tricupsidatus 1 5 5 Lesticus magnus 121 12 3
Brachinus scotomedes 18 0 6 Panagaeus japonicus 0 0 1
Carabus chugokuensis chugokuensis 0 112 313 Planetes puncticeps 0 2 1
C. dehaanii dehaanii 0 9 15 Pterostichus polygenus 1 3 3
C. yaconinus yaconinus 0 1 0 Synuchus arcuaticollis 0 3 2
Chlaenius abstersus 0 1 9 S. congruus 0 2 0
C. micans 0 3 1 S. cycloderus 86 27 71
C. naeviger 11 89 149 S. dulcigradus 12 14 41
Damaster blaptoides blaptoides 12 0 3 S. nitidus 13 123 198
Diplocheila zeelandica 2 3 20 Trigonognatha cuprescens 0 36 14
Epomis nigricans 0 0 1 Trigonotoma lewisii 6 3 0
Haplochlaenius costiger 3 0 1        
Harpalus griseus 0 4 17        
H. tridens 1 2 7 Total number of individuals

 287

 458

 882
Leptocarabus kyushuensis 0 4 1 Total number of species

 13

 21

 23

 

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III

Species accumulation curves

 A species accumulation curve is a plot of the cumulative number of species discovered, S(n), within a defined area, as a function of some measure n of the effort expended to finding them (Colwell & Coddington, 1995)

These curves present the number of Araneae, Carabidae, Staphylinidae and Formicidae species collected from 64 pitfall trap samples over a two month period (October - November 1997). Each point, of each of the four taxa selected, represent the mean of 100 randomizations of sample pooling order; error bars are the corresponding standard deviations (see Colwell & Coddington, 1995).

Number of Individuals captured per taxon, per chemical used

This figure shows the number of Amphipoda, Araneae, Carabidae, Staphylinidae and Formicidae individuals captured per chemical used over the two month sampling period. After appropriate transformation, data were compared using a one-way ANOVA (table). Pairwise comparisons were made, per taxon (Schéffe test), where different letters donate significant differences in number of individuals captured between chemicals used.

Number of Species captured per taxon, per chemical used

This figure shows the number of Araneae, Carabidae, Staphylinidae and Formicidae species captured per chemical used over the two month sampling period. After appropriate transformation, data were compared using a one-way ANOVA (table below). Pairwise comparisons were made, per taxon (Schéffe test), where different letters donate significant differences in number of species captured between chemicals used.

 Table: Per taxon differences in abundance and species richness estimates for the four chemicals used. One-way analysis of variance results are presented

 Invertebrate group  df  Ms  F  p-level
         
 Individuals*        
 Amphipoda  3  0.288  0.932  0.431 ns
 error  60  0.309    
 Araneae  3  10.458  22.871  < 0.005
 error  60  0.457    
 Carabidae  3  2.775  10.605  < 0.005
 error  60  0.262    
 Staphylinidae  3  1.957  25.317  < 0.005
 error  60  0.773    
 Formicidae  3  3.357  87.075  < 0.005
 error  60  0.039    
         
 Species*        
 Araneae  3  70.500  17.039  < 0.005
 error  60  4.138    
 Carabidae  3  3.722  11.131  < 0.005
 error  60  0.334    
 Staphylinidae  3  5.343  29.866  < 0.005
 error  60  0.179    
 Formicidae  3  2.497  18.625  < 0.005
 error  60  0.134    
*Data were transformed to normality when necessary