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SESSIONS 81 to 124
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SESSION 81 Household Strategies in Twentieth-Century Eastern Europe: Coping with Demographic and Economic Shock Organisers S.A. Afontsev, Dr., Institute for World Economy and International Relations, Russia G.C. Kessler, Dr., International Institute of Social History, The Netherlands Address G.C. Kessler International Institute of Social History Cruquiusweg 31 1019 AT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands tel.: +31 20 6685866 fax: +31 20 6654181 e-mail: gke@iisg.nl Abstract For many of the countries of the part of the European Continent usually designated as Eastern Europe the twentieth century was a century marked by recurrent periods of severe material deprivation and demographic crises. The wars of the first half of the century were fought with particular ferocity in the region and exacted a heavy toll on both the military and the civil population. The second half of the century, with most of the countries in this region brought under the sway of socialist regimes of Soviet vintage, brought material deprivation at less extreme, but chronic levels. The breakdown of these regimes, finally, started a period of painful reforms and a difficult transition to market economies, again at great social and demographic costs. The session takes a household perspective to explain how the population dealt with the challenges posed by these periods of hardship. Following recent shifts of focus in labour history from the individual to the larger social entities in which individuals are embedded, the household is studied both as a locus of decision-making and as a social safety net which filters the socio-economic impact of crises. Participants Location and time: Room 12 Metsätalo building, 22 August 9.00-12.30 SESSION 82 The Question of the First EEC/EC Enlargement and the Other European Countries' Response, 1961-1973 Organisers Tapani Paavonen, Dr., University of Turku, Finland Hans Otto Frøland, Assoc. Prof., University of Trondheim, Norway Address Tapani Paavonen University of Turku Department of Contemporary History Arwidssoninkatu 1, building 11 FI-20014 Turku, Finland tel.: +358 2 333 6244 fax: +358 2 333 6585 e-mail: Tapani.Paavonen@utu.fi Abstract The question of the first EEC/EC enlargement and the other European countries' relationship to it, topical in 1961-1973, was the first stage or phase in the process through which, during the last about 50 years, the Community of the "Six" has grown to the present West European economic space and political organization. Historical research has in resent times turned towards this topic, which development has been promoted by the fact that archival materials have recently been opened. However, this work is still at initial stages. The Session will gather European historians to discuss this development from a combined political and economic point of view, based on their research results and ongoing research. The session would target to a larger joint publication on the topic. Participants Location and time: Room 10 Main Building, 23 August 9.00-12.30 and 14.00-17.30 SESSION 83 Women’s Financial Decisions: Their Wealth, Their Choices, Their Activity 1700-1930 Organisers Anne Laurence, Prof., Open University, United Kingdom Stefania Licini, Assoc. Prof., Università degli Studi di Bergamo, Italy Josephine Maltby, Prof., University of Sheffield, United Kingdom Janette Rutterford, Prof., Open University, United Kingdom Address Josephine Maltby Management School University of Sheffield 9 Mappin Street Sheffield S1 4DT, United Kingdom tel: +44 114 222 3430 e-mail: j.maltby@shef.ac.uk Abstract The currency of the "separate spheres" view of women’s lives in the early modern period has until recently discouraged study of the extent of women’s financial activity, suggesting that women were excluded from commerce and investment. A growing body of research has, however, drawn attention to women’s participation in business and their ownership of assets, including financial investments, from the 18th century onwards. The aim of this session is to internationalise the debate by drawing together contributions, from both the developed and the developing world, including Great Britain, Italy, Germany, the USA and the West Indies, on the financial and business role of women – as investors, advisers, debtors and creditors – and in particular to gain insights into international differences and similarities between the extent of women’s financial involvement. The period under review included, in many countries, developments in financial assets (Government bonds, the growth of limited companies and their securities) as well as in women’s legal status, and the session aims to investigate the effect of these on women’s financial behaviour. Important themes will include women’s financial preferences (e.g. their risk-seeking/aversion, choice of family versus public companies), their use of formal or informal credit networks, and the extent to which they appear to have acted autonomously in their financial decision-making. For the papers please see the following link: www.open.ac.uk/iehc-session Participants Location and time: Room 2 Metsätalo building, 21 August 14.30-18.00 and 22 August 9.00-12.30 SESSION 84 Empirical Contributions in New Institutional Economics and History Organisers Joel Mokyr, Prof., Nortwestern University, USA Jari Eloranta, Dr., Appalachian State University, USA Juha-Antti Lamberg, Dr., Helsinki University of Technology, Finland Address Jari Eloranta Appalachian State University Department of History Whitener Hall, Boone NC 28608, USA tel.: +1 828 2622282 fax: +1 828 2624976 e-mail: elorantaj@appstate.edu Abstract In this session we wish to bring forth new empirical research in NIE, especially studies which take into account the historical development of institutions (and organizations) and attempt to explain institutional change (or persistence) on the basis of the interaction of theory and empirical evidence. Thus, we hope to contribute new perspectives to institutional analysis by way of empirical analysis. Moreover, we will have papers exploring the various levels described above. Some of the papers will explore the Williamsonian TCE school and evaluate the possibilities of applying these models in practice (also, our introductory paper by Michael Sykuta); whereas others will focus more on the long-run implications of institutional (and organizational) change, such as bureaucracies (Williamson maintains that “bureaucracy remains a poorly understood condition no matter what lens is brought to bear”, Williamson 2002, 611) and overall institutional trajectories (national and transnational), with analytical perspectives adopted from Douglass C. North and others. We see, as have other scholars, empirical analysis of institutions in history as one of the key domains in the evolution of the NIE school as a whole. Participants
Michael Sykuta (USA) Joel Mokyr (USA) Dan Bogart (USA) Juha-Antti Lamberg (Finland) Jeff Bortz, Appalachian State University (USA) Douglas Puffert, University of Leeds (United Kingdom) Jari Ojala, University of Jyvaskylä (Finland) Sulevi Riukulehto, University of South Ostrobothnia (Finland) Location and time: Aud XV Main Building, 23 August 9.00-12.30 and 14.00-17.30 SESSION 85 Guns Versus Butter Paradoxes in History Organisers Peter Lindert, University of California - Davis, USA Mark Harrison, University of Warwick, United Kingdom Jari Eloranta, Appalachian State University, USA Address Jari Eloranta Appalachian State University Department of History Whitener Hall, Boone NC 28608, USA tel.: +1 828 2622282 fax: +1 828 2624976 e-mail: elorantaj@appstate.edu Abstract Overall, here in this session the papers will address the possibility and various forms of guns versus butter tradeoffs, ranging from panel data settings (e.g. Eloranta-Harrison) to long-run case studies of various countries, covering different periods (e.g. Bystrova will analyze Soviet Union in the post-war period, whereas Diebolt-Jaoul will investigate Japan in the pre-World War II period). In addition, our panel will focus on exploring the effects and constraints imposed by various regime types, for example Hitler’s Germany in the 1930s (Spoerer-Streb), as well as alliance/economic constraints (Geiger’s paper). The empirical results and theoretical interaction should prove beneficial for the understanding of the various guns versus butter paradoxes and the spending behavior of states in history. Participants
Location and time: Room 13 Main Building, 22 August 14.00-17.30 SESSION 86 Foreign Aid for Economic Development Organisers Helge Pharo, University of Oslo, Norway Monika Pohle Fraser, University of Oslo, Norway Gustav Schmidt, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany Address Helge Pharo Department of History University of Oslo PO Box 1008 Blindern 0315 Oslo, Norway tel.: +47 2285 6874 fax: +47 2285 5278 e-mail: helge.pharo@iakh.uio.no Abstract The session will discuss the role of foreign aid in promoting economic development in what since World War II has been known respectively as backward areas, underdeveloped countries and developing countries. While the growth theories of economic historians in the 1950s and 1960s commanded a wide following, they have been conspicuously absent from later discussions of the linkages between foreign aid and economic and social transformation in the developing countries. The history of development aid is now an emerging field of study, meriting a wider presentation within the profession. Since current aid policies appear singularly uninformed about the history of development aid, such a presentation is also called for. The session will deal with the roots of development aid in the post World War II period; with bilateral and multilateral aid; the role of international institutions in establishing the framework for aid transfers; the systemic problems of aid, such as donor-recipient cooperation and bureaucracy; self-sustainability and entrepreneurship. Participants Location and time: Room 8 Main Building, 22 August 14.00-17.30 SESSION 87 Economic History of the Baltic States: Past Performance and Future Prospects Organisers Viesturs Pauls Karnups, Dr., University of Latvia, Latvia Erika Šumilo, Prof. Dr., University of Latvia, Latvia Baiba Šavrina, Prof. Dr., University of Latvia, Latvia Address Viesturs Pauls Karnups Apazijas bulv. 5 Riga, LV – 1050, Latvia tel.: +371 7034789 e-mail: viesturs.karnups@ttc.lv Abstract The three Baltic States (Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania) regained their independence in the early 1990s after some 50 years of occupation by the Soviet Union. The economic history of the Baltic States from earliest times to the present day is still terra incognito to many scholars in the field. Emerging from the collapse of the Russian Empire and the ruins of the First World War in 1918, the Baltic States still had to fight their Wars of Independence and it was not until 1920 that final peace treaties were signed with Soviet Russia. The Baltic States all faced the same task in 1920 and again with the regaining of independence in 1991 – to integrate into the European and world economy. The aim of the proposed session is to discuss change in the Baltic State economies in a long-term and comparative perspective, especially focussing on the economic relations between the Baltic States and other states of the Baltic Rim, as well as the economic relations between the Baltic States themselves. Participants
Location and time: Room 10 Main Building, 22 August 14.00-17.30 SESSION 88 A Global Industry in Transition: Technological, Economic and Hegemonic Changes in 19th Century Whaling Organisers Bjørn L. Basberg, Prof., Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration, Norway Eric Hilt, Prof., Wellesley College, USA Address Bjørn L. Basberg Economic History Section Department of Economics Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration N-5045 Bergen, Norway tel.: + 47 55959675 fax.: + 47 55959543 e-mail: bjorn.basberg@nhh.no Abstract The American whaling industry which had dominated the industry globally, went into a gradual decline from the 1860s. The decline coincided with a period when an entirely new way of organizing the industry emerged in Norway - what was to become known as “modern whaling”. The economic history of the 19th century whaling industry has been thoroughly studied, but there still seem to be interesting research topics and questions especially relating this transition period. Was there a reluctance to adopt new technology in the American industry, and if so, what were the reasons for it? What were the contacts and “encounters” between the two whaling nations in the latter part of the century? What was the role played by the way resources were exploited and controlled? The session will welcome papers that deals with such and other topics that offers new perspectives on the 19th century whaling industry. Participants
Location and time: Room 15 Main Building, 22 August 9.00-12.30 SESSION 89 Ageing and the Economy in the 19th and 20th Centuries Organiser Patricia Thane, Prof., University of London, United Kingdom Address Patricia Thane Centre for Contemporary British History Institute of Historical Research University of London Senate House, Malet Street London WC1E 7HU, United Kingdom tel. +44 207 862 8797 fax: +44 20 7 862 8812 e-mail: pat.thane@sas.ac.uk Abstract The justification for this theme is that the economic implications of rising proportions of older people in their populations is currently a major concern for national governments and of international institutions, such as the World Bank. Concerns include the increased costs of pensions, health care and other services for an ageing population; the effects of shrinking populations of working age; the social costs eg. of intergenerational responsibilities for care. The purpose of the session will be to raise questions relevant to contemporary policy debates by examining the history of old age and ageing in a range of countries with varying experiences. It will focus upon the 18th to 20th centuries, since these periods are the best documented in this field. This is a field in which historical research has been limited and hardly exists in many countries. Hence the scope will be limited by the countries and regions for which relevant research is available. An aim of the session will be to raise research questions in order to stimulate further research in other countries. The session will focus upon the economic contributions of older men and women, to counter the more general emphasis upon the costs they impose upon their economies and societies. It will: trace patterns of work and retirement and the determinants of both. It will also examine patterns of expenditure and saving among older people; and the impact of ageing upon inheritance. Gender differences, in particular the significance of the longer life expectancies of women in most societies, will be explored. Participants
Location and time: Aud XIV Main Building, 25 August 14.00-17.30 Back to top SESSION 90 Cities and Innovation in Europe from the Renaissance to 2000 Organisers Peter Clark, Prof., University of Helsinki, Finland Marjatta Hietala, Prof., Tampere University, Finland Address Peter Clark Department of History University of Helsinki PO Box 59, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland tel.: +358 9 19124529 fax: +358 9 19123217 e-mail: peter.clark@helsinki.fi Abstract European urban history is a very lively and dynamic field at the present time. Of major concern in the current research and debate is the role of cities in the process of economic, social and cultural innovation. There is a strong case for arguing that the innovativeness of European society since the Renaissance has been driven by cities through the complex dynamic of urban structures, resources and traditions. This encompasses the mentality of city people, developed institutions, buildings and support services, such as transport and communication which all belong to the so called “hard infrastructure.” A so called “soft infrastructure” consists of various kinds of social networks in the form of informal groups, clubs and common interest networks. A central interest of this session would be to ask why certain cities at particular times- for instance North Italian cities in the Renaissance, Antwerp in the 16 century, London in the 18th century, Berlin in the early 20th century and Helsinki in the late 20th century are especially innovative. What are the factors that promote an innovative environment? Education? Ethnicity? Internationalization or nationalism? Another area for analysis might be the link between crisis and innovation – how far major upheavals in existing conditions provide a stimulus for new ideas. The interest of the session is less with innovations per se than in the context and generation of new ideas and developments, how they are transmitted between cities and countries, and adapted to suit new contexts, and what their impact is on the host community. Innovation will be treated critically: the costs of innovation need to be considered as well as the benefits. Participants
Location and time: Room 6 Metsätalo building, 25 August 14.00-17.30 SESSION 91 The Nordic Countries and the Commercial De-globalization of the Interwar Period Organisers Pål Thonstad Sandvik, Ass. Prof., Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway Hans Kryger Larsen Ass. Prof., Copenhagen University, Denmark Sven-Olof Olsson, Ass. Prof., Gothenburg University/Halmstad University, Sweden Address Sven-Olof Olsson Section of Humanities Halmstad University PO Box 823 SE-301 18 Halmstad, Sweden tel.: +46 3516 7276 fax: +46 3512 9289 e-mail: Sven-Olof.Olsson@hum.hh.se Abstract Two deficits in much contemporary debate on globalization are, firstly, knowledge about the history of de-globalizations, secondly, the fact that small, open national economies are experienced, globalizers'. They tend to prefer free trade to protectionism and globalization to de-globalization. From this overall perpective the session will focus on the interwar period when small states were squeezed between powerful and, indeed, belligerent large trading actors (states, cartels, transnational corporations). The session aims at improving the understanding of the behaviour of the Nordic national economies under the political economy of de-globalization. The position of the Nordic has been studied from the perspective of the large powers, in particular Britain and Germany (Schröter, Salmon et cet.) Thus the session will concentrate on the aspect of adjustments in terms of governments' commercial policies (tariffs, quotas, finance, payments, FDI, preferential trading policies) firms and corporations' strategies( markets, investments, lobbying) industries and industrial federations (corporatism). Papers will deal with specific issues or specific events but also long-term structural trends. Participants
Location and time: Room 6 Main Building, 23 August 9.00-12.30 SESSION 92 The Informatic Monitoring of the Regular Clergy’s Economic Presence in the Early Modern Europe and American Continent Organiser Fiorenzo Landi, Prof., University of Bologna, Italy Address Fiorenzo Landi Dipartimento di Discipline storiche Piazza S.Giovanni in Monte 2 40124 Bologna, Italy e-mail: Fiorenzo.Landi@unibo.it Abstract The national inquiries about the estates of Regular Clergy, to proceed for a confiscation, are an important and homogeneous source to study all the European and American network of abbeys, monasteries and convents. But this source is difficult to analyse because it’s systematic. Everyone of these censuses contain hundreds of thousands quantitative data, relatives to thousand of monasteries, often with great estates and every kind revenues. So we have the necessity to a particular macroeconomic approach, with a cartographical feature that allows to individuate immediately some comparative elements inside the networks of the settlements: placement of institutions in the territory, power relation between Orders and Congregations, economic importance about the composition of the monastic family, and about the incomes and the expenses of each convent or abbey, chronology of the settlements, etc. About the session 92: the Informatic monitoring of the Regular Clergy's economic presence in the early modern Europes and American continent through the national enquiries, there are no papers of the Components of the research group. The intense activities of the session will be developed in the following manner: 1) in opening the operation of the program Map Point, that was individualized like common tool of representation graphic, will be illustrated. 2) The Members that already had occasion to use the results will illustrate them, about the databases of their areas of search. 3) the other Members will present the database that want to visualize and will be provided to show the transposition of the datas. Participants Bernard Bodinier, Rouen Univ. (France) Marcella Campanelli, Napoli, Federico II , Univ. (Italy) Eduardo Cavieres, Valparaiso Univ. (Chile) Piotr Pawel Gach, Lublin Univ. (Poland) Luis Antonio Lopez Martinez, Sevilla Univ. (Spain) Tito Menzani, Milano Univ. (Italy) Maria Dolores Munoz Duena, Cordoba Univ. (Spain) Maurizio Pegrari, Verona Univ. (Italy) Giuseppe Poli, Bari Univ. (Italy) Giancarlo Rocca, DIP Roma (Italy) Location and time: Room 8 Metsätalo building, 24 August 14.00-17.30 SESSION 93 US Firms in Europe (from the 1890s to the 21st Century): Strategy, Identity, Performance, Reception, Adaptability Organisers Hubert Bonin, Prof., Institut d’études politiques de Bordeaux, France Ferry De Goey, Prof., Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands Patrick Fridenson, Prof., École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales, France Address Hubert Bonin 26 rue du Lavoir 33000 Bordeaux, France tel.: +33 673 990 779 fax: +33 556 844 178 e-mail: h.bonin@sciencespobordeaux.fr Abstract Thanks to the large-scale studies of Mira Wilkins (The Emergence of Multinational Enterprise and The Maturing of Multinational Enterprise) and through several books about the Americanisation of the European economy, we know better the main features of American investments in Europe. Our panel intends to focus on concrete and precise case-studies, either national or sectorial, in order to determine how American companies tailored their insertion into European nations and markets, how they “conceptualised” their European development and tried to get their subsidiaries or sister companies “Europeanised”. The whole range of economic history’s notions and methods, some aspects of cultural studies (about cultural aspects of management), the analysis of firms’ strategies and several aspects of industrial relations will be mobilised for this session. Participants
Location and time: Aud XV Main Building, 24 August 14.00-17.30 SESSION 94 Foreign Companies and Economic Nationalism in the Developing World after World War II Organisers Rory Miller, Dr., University of Liverpool, United Kingdom Nicholas White, Dr., Liverpool John Moores University, United Kingdom Aron Shai, Prof., University of Tel-Aviv, Israel Address Rory Miller University of Liverpool Management School Chatham Building Liverpool L69 7ZH, United Kingdom tel.: +44 151 795 3816 fax: +44 151 795 3007 e-mail: r.m.miller@liv.ac.uk Abstract Economic nationalism, in various forms, spread rapidly across the developing world in the forty years after the Second World War, paradoxically at a time when foreign direct investment, especially through the vehicle of US and European (and later Japanese) multinational companies, was also growing rapidly. Businesses rapidly had to adapt to a new and more problematic environment where the value of foreign investment and foreign control of key economic sectors and markets was frequently questioned, even though most non-Communist governments needed the capital, skills and technology that multinational companies could provide. The confrontation between local politicians and foreign firms reached all parts of the developing world. Our intention is to utilise the opportunities provided by the recent opening of government and particularly corporate archives, in order to reassess the meanings, content, and significance of economic nationalism and the responses of foreign companies and governments. Papers will cover a range of home countries and companies, as well as all the major regions of the developing world: Asia, Africa, and Latin America. For the abstracts for these papers please see www.liv.ac.uk/~rory/ieha-panel94.doc Participants Location and time: Room 6 Main Building, 21 August 14.30-18.00 SESSION 95 Evolutionary Theories of Long-Run World Economic History: The Theory/History Interconnection Re-examined Organisers Leonid Borodkin, Prof., Moscow State University, Russia Christopher Lloyd, Prof., University of New England, Australia Rolf Walter, Prof., University of Jena, Germany Address Christopher Lloyd School of Economics University of New England Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia tel.: +61 2 6773 3156 fax: +61 2 6773 3596 e-mail: Chris.Lloyd@une.edu.au Abstract This session will be devoted to the analysis of and uses of theoretical approaches to long-run economic history that employ evolutionary and/or systems theory. Many of the theories that are used in economic history concentrate too much on short term change measured in decades rather than in centuries and millennia and are inadequate in their historical explanatory power. Long-run theorising is necessary to see the deepest forces at work in world history. We are wishing to have papers that discuss and use applied evolutionary theory to highlight how such theory can illuminate long-run historical processes and how historical analysis can lead to improved theories. Papers will be sought that use and examine this theory/history interconnection to highlight and improve long-run historical explanation. Neo-Darwinian and other kinds of evolutionary theories are now quite common in social science but we believe there is much work to be done in the explication, analysis, and development of their usefulness in explaining long-run history of economies and societies. Several approaches to evolutionary economics and the links of these approaches to methodological understandings of economic ontology (such as critical realism) are being debated. But these theories and methodologies are often developed in abstraction from historical data and historical understanding and it is therefore necessary to evaluate them and modify them through research into and knowledge of very long-run historical processes. Economic theorists are often not best placed to undertake this task and so history does not sufficiently inform their work. The explanation of real history should be the task of theory construction and application. Participants
Location and time: Room 12 Metsätalo building, 24 August 14.00-17.30 SESSION 96 Corporate Governance in Historical Perspective Organisers Colleen Dunlavy, Prof., University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA Christopher Kobrak, Prof., European School of Management, France Robin Pearson, Dr., University of Hull, United Kingdom Address Colleen Dunlavy Department of History University of Wisconsin 455 North Park Street Madison, WI 53706, USA tel.: +1 608 263 1854 fax: +1 608 257 1408 e-mail: cdunlavy@wisc.edu Abstract Although the importance of "corporate governance"—that is, methods of distributing power among the stakeholders in a corporation—has been affirmed by a recent rash of corporate scandals in the U.S., its history remains largely unexplored. Except for a few legal scholars, historians have had little to say about changes in corporate governance over time or about variations across national borders. Now, however, signs are emerging of quickening interest among historians. This session aims to bring together interested historians from around the world to share their findings, to assess the current state of research, and to outline future avenues of research. Questions to be addressed will likely include the following: 1. What elements of corporate governance—e.g., the rights of shareholders, the powers of boards of directors—have been salient at different moments or in different countries? 2. How has the governance of corporations compared with the governance of unincorporated joint stock companies? 3. How have the governance rights of women shareholders and government regulation of governance changed over time or varied across countries, and why? 4. What forces—political, economic, social—have shaped these processes of change, and what have been the consequences of different systems of corporate governance? Participants
Location and time: Room 15 Main Building, 25 August 14.00-17.30 SESSION 97 Settler Economies in World History Organisers Christopher Lloyd, Prof., University of New England, Australia Jacob Metzer, Prof., Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel Richard Sutch, Prof., University of California Riverside, USA Organiser Christopher Lloyd School of Economics University of New England Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia tel.: +61 2 6773 3156 fax: +61 2 6773 3596 e-mail: Chris.Lloyd@une.edu.au Abstract Settler societies and thus settler economies were created through a process of large-scale migration from well-established states to land-abundant, previously unorganized regions. Typically they emerged as hybrid societies, growing out of the encounter of immigrants with the inhabitants in the locations of settlement and influenced by the social background of the immigrants themselves. The settler economies also differ in structure from those of the country of origin since they were necessarily shaped by the immigrants’ accommodations to their new geographical and natural environment and their interaction with the world through international trade. The settler economies of the modern era – such as those of Argentina, Australia, Canada, the United States, the Jewish community of pre-statehood Palestine, and other areas in Latin America, Oceania, Siberia, and eastern and southern Africa – were drawn largely from the population of European states. But, settler economies are a recurring phenomenon in world history from ancient times. Other examples of settler economies may be Iceland, Siberia, French Northern Africa (primarily Algeria), the British colonization of Ireland, and perhaps intra-European cases such as the Prussian colonization in Slavic territories in the eighteen and nineteenth centuries. It may likewise be suggested that the eastward expansion of medieval Europe, the southern and western expansion of medieval China, and even colonization in the ancient Mediterranean world could be fruitfully studied under the settler economy framework. No more space for papers exists but we wish to hear from others interested in the topic from the point of view of the proposed volume, particularly from those interested in settler societies in the Pacific Islands, Central Asia, Siberia, medieval and early modern Europe and Asia, and the ancient world. Participants Location and time: Room 5 Main Building, 25 August 9.00-12.30 and 14.00-17.30 SESSION 98 Economic Relations between Empires and Borderlands in the 19th and Early 20th Century Organisers Yuri Petrov, Prof., Central Bank of Russia, Russia Antti Kuusterä, Dr., Bank of Finland/University of Helsinki, Finland Address Antti Kuusterä Bank of Finland PO Box 160 FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland tel.: +358 10 2238 fax: +358 10 8312735 e-mail: antti.kuustera@bof.fi Abstract In the 19th century Europe there were three major empires, all of which disintegrated after the First World War: Russia, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire. These empires consisted of countries or regions with differing economic characteristics and varying political status. The expansion of empires had created different kinds of "borderlands" of with varying kinds of autonomy and dependence on the empire. This session aims at discussing economic relations between empires and borderlands in the 19th century Europe (until the First World War). The themes to be discussed are as follows: How were the economic relations between empires and borderlands organized? Did the empires try to integrate borderlands economically to the empires? Did the empires allow borderlands / autonomic areas freely develop their own economic institutions and economic policy? Did development initiatives of autonomic areas come from the empires or from the borderlands? Did the empires see the development of the borderlands as benefit or as a threat? How did the empire / borderland –relationship affect economic development of empire and borderland? Participants
Location and time: Room 8 Metsätalo building, 23 August 14.00-17.30 SESSION 99 Foreign Trade and Economic Growth in Latin America and the Caribbean until the Mid-twentieth Century: Towards a System of National Accounts Organisers Albert Carreras, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain André Hofman, ECLAC - Santiago de Chile, Chile Sandra Kuntz, El Colegio de México, Mexico Xavier Tafunell, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain César Yáñez, Universidad de Barcelona, Spain Address César Yáñez Departamento de Historia Económica Universidad de Barcelona Diagonal 696, 08034 Barcelona, Spain tel.: +34 934035859 fax : +34 932804250 e-mail: cesar.yanez@ub.edu Abstract The estimation of historical national accounts for Latin American and Caribbean (LA&C) countries until the mid-twentieth century, when official national accounting started in most countries, is in urgent need of mobilization of new data and methods. A lot of what has been done until now has relied heavily on export trade performance. The assumption was that exports provided an important part of income of the LA&C economies. There are limits to this approach: our knowledge of the economic performance of Latin American and Caribbean economies before the Second World War –and even in the post second world war years- falls short to the current international standards. We propose to switch the attention to the import side of foreign trade as each imported item has a precise –although yet unknown- relationship with domestic income –private consumption or capital formation. We invite to present original research on the relationship between foreign trade (exports and/or imports) and economic growth for the Latin American and Caribbean countries before the start of official national accounting. Both the exports and the imports of the countries of the region and their main trade partners could be used for this purpose, although we invite to pay especial attention to the LA&C import side. Preference will be given to research addressing the whole region, although national or regional studies are also invited. Data expected could possibly range from total volume and value of trade to the evolution of one single product over time. Participants Commentators: Alan Dye (Columbia U.), Angus Maddison (OECD), Paolo Riguzzi (Colegio Mexiquense), Antonio Tena (U. Carlos III), Jonathan Brown (U. of Texas at Austin), Anna Maria Aubanell (U. Autónoma de Barcelona) Location and time: Room 15 Main Building, 25 August 9.00-12.30 Back to top SESSION 100 European Business Performance in the 20th Century Organisers Franco Amatori, Prof., Bocconi University, Italy Youssef Cassis, Prof., Université de Genève, Switzerland Camilla Brautaset, Dr., University of Bergen, Norway Address Camilla Brautaset Historisk institutt Universitetet i Bergen HF-bygget, Sydnespl. 7 N-5007 Bergen, Norway e-mail: camilla.brautaset@hi.uib.no Abstract A historical and comparative analysis of European business performance is still badly needed. Performance should be at the heart of business history, yet this is not the case. Business performance should also help better understand economic performance at a macro-economic level. In this session we would like to address these crucial lacunas in European economic and business history. We will do so by presenting the findings from a European interdisciplinary project. In 2006 the project will have been running for 5 years. It is based at the London School of Economics, where the Leverhulme Trust has financed the first three years of the project. The objective of the project is to test the validity of a number of explanatory variables of economic performance through the empirical analysis of the performance of a sample of companies from eight European countries (Belgium, Britain, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and Sweden). The analysis is based on a sample established for three year periods centring on five benchmark years from 1911 to the start of the new Millenium. Participants
Other participants: Carlo Brambilla, Bocconi University, Milan Colli, Andrea, Bocconi University, Milan Anne Dalmasso, University of Grenoble 2 Diane Dammers, University of Cologne Greta Devos, University of Antwerp Hendrik Fischer, University of Cologne Janne Itkonen, University of Helsinki Andrea Lorenz-Wende, University of Helsinki Francesca Polese, Bocconi University, Milan Xavier Tafunell, University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona Hans Willems, University of Antwerp Location and time: Aud XV Main Building, 22 August 14.00-17.30 SESSION 101 Cold War and Neutrality: East-West Economic Relations in Europe Organisers Alice Teichova, Prof. Dr., Girton College - Cambridge University, United Kingdom Dieter Stiefel, Prof. Dr., Universität Wien, Austria Gertrude Enderle-Burcel, Dr., Österreichisches Staatsarchiv, Austria Address Getrude Enderle-Burcel Österreichische Gesellschaft für historische Quellenstudien Österreichisches Staatsarchiv Nottendorfer Gasse 2-4 A-1030 Wien, Austria e-mail: oegq@aon.at Abstract Neutrality in history is a neglected subject of historical research. Thus economic historians have so far paid scarce attention to the significance of economic relations between planned economies and market economies of neutral sates in Europe during the Cold War. For instance, although affected by the "Iron Curtain" economic relations continued between socialist countries and neutral Austria, the only state in central-east Europe with a functioning market economy during the Cold War. Austrian neutrality, nourished by geographical closeness and the long common history of central and southeast European countries, was tangential to making the "Iron Curtain" more permeable than is generally assumed. In a similar way, neutral Finland's and Sweden's proximity to the socialist countries of Eastern Europe engendered trade and financial relations between their market economies and the planned economic systems in spite of restrictions imposed by the Cold War. For comparison, the case of neutral Switzerland's and Ireland's economic relations with socialist planned economies under Cold War conditions will be included in the Session's programme. Participants
Melanie Aspey (Rothschild Archive, London) Terry Gourvish (LSE) Chris Kobrak (European School of Management – Paris, France) Ragnhild Lundström (Uppsala University, Sweden) Richard Overy (University of Exeter, UK) Mikulás Teich (Cambridge University) Location and time: Room 1 Metsätalo building, 23 August 9.00-12.30 and 14.00-17.30 SESSION 102 European Banks in Latin America During the First Age of Globalization, 1870-1914 Organisers Carlos Marichal, Dr., El Colegio de México, Mexico Gail Triner, Dr., Rutgers University, USA Address Carlos Marichal Centro de Estudios Históricos El Colegio de México Camino al Ajusco No. 20 10740 D.F., Mexico e-mail: cmari@colmex.mx Abstract During the "first age of globalization" from 1870 to 1914, European banks were among the most visible and important multinational firms to make their presence felt throughout Latin America. Research on globalization is typically concerned with networks of international exchange. The implications for patterns of local institutional and economic structures have received less attention. Banks offer an interesting opportunity to integrate the global perspective with the local. Banks from many European countries followed export merchants and the earliest multinational or "free-standing" enterprises into Latin America. The banks were instrumental in shaping the commercial and financial systems to support global exchange while also influencing the development of domestic financial institutions within their host economies. They financed international and local trade, facilitated the raising of long-term capital investment (often in European markets), motivated financial policy, introduced organizational innovations and personnel. This session assesses the activities of European banks within specific Latin American economies to develop insights into their business, financial and social implications during the first age of globalization. The papers in this session consider the roles of British, French, German and Spanish banks within the economies of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico and the Caribbean. They bring together a wide variety of methodological and theoretical approaches in order to fulfill the goal of the sessions, which is to develop new comparative insights on the importance of international finance and early globalization in the periphery. For IEHA Congress session 102, the schedule of presentations and links to the papers are available by clicking here. Participants
Location and time: Room 10 Main Building, 21 August 14.30-18.00 SESSION 103 New Experiences with Historical National Accounts: Methodologies and Analysis Organisers Pierre van der Eng, Dr., Australian National University, Australia Debin Ma, Dr., Foundation for Advanced Studies on International Development, Japan Address Pierre van der Eng School of Business and Information Management Faculty of Economics and Commerce Hanna Neumann building 021 The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200, Australia tel.: +61 2 6125 5438 fax: +61 2 6125 5005 e-mail: pierre.vandereng@anu.edu.au Abstract The integrative work of Angus Maddison offers an inventory of the state of the art in historical national accounting. A lot has been accomplished, but much more research can be done to enhance insights into long-term economic growth and structural change. Various initiatives in historical accounting involving countries around the world are still being pursued; estimates are improved and extended, and entirely new estimates are made where none existed before. As historical national accounting of developed countries covers periods further back in time, constraints on the availability of quantitative economic data require an increasingly creative use of such data. This raises methodological issues that appear to be remarkably similar to those faced in the historical national accounting of developing countries in more recent periods. Consequently, exchanges of views and discussion of methodological issues involved in historical national accounting of different countries can only be mutually beneficial. Hitherto, there have been very few fora to discuss the often creative methodologies that have to be used to arrive at historical national accounts estimates. Generally discussion focuses on results, not necessarily the methods underlying the estimates. This session aims to facilitate such discussion. Participants Location and time: Room 13 Main Building, 23 August 9.00-12.30 SESSION 104 - cancelled SESSION 105 - cancelled SESSION 106 State and Finance in the Early Modern Times in the Eurasian Continuum Organisers Irfan Habib, Prof., Aligarh Muslim University, India Sushil Chaudhury, Prof., University of Calcutta, India Sevket Pamuk, Prof., Bogazici University, Turkey Address Sushil Chaudhury Department of History Calcutta University 1 Refractory Street Alipur, Calcutta 700 068, India tel.: +91 33 2473 3736 e-mail: sushilchau@rediffmail.com Abstract 1. Financial network required for tax-collection and expenditure by the early modern state. Extent of money/kind collection. Need for remittance facilities through bills by bankers/merchants; or by drafts on tax-collectors/tax-farmers. 2. Coinage. Recoinage of metal money collected in tax; and coinage as commercial enterprise of state. ‘Deficit financing’ through alloy-manipulation. 3. State and Private financiers/Bankers. State as lender and borrower. State machinery and the credit system. Degree of influence of financiers over state policy. Laws on interest and insurance. 4. State and finance for overseas trade. Silver influx for overseas trade. Silver influx and customs policies. European Companies and local finance. Participants Location and time: Room 12 Main Building, 24 August 9.00-12.30 SESSION 107 Postal Networks in Europe and North America since 1600 Organisers Richard R. John, Prof., University of Illinois at Chicago, USA Andrea Giuntini, Prof., Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Italy Address Richard R. John History Department (M/C 198) University of Illinois at Chicago 913 University Hall 601 South Morgan Street Chicago IL 60607-7109, USA tel.: +1 312 996 8569 fax: +1 312 996 6377 e-mail: rjohn@uic.edu Abstract The recent popularization of the internet has focused attention on the rise of earlier communications networks, including the telephone, telegraph, and the post. Our panel focuses on postal networks, the earliest and most neglected of the three. Postal networks are, in the language of present-day communications scholars, store-and-forward communication media, making them in certain respects more analogous to the internet than the telephone systems with which the internet is often compared. Postal networks have long been "innovation commons" (to borrow a phrase from Lawrence Lessig) to the extent that, like the internet, they have fostered popular access to information in realms ranging from commerce and politics to science, technology, and personal affairs. Yet the character of postal networks has changed markedly over time, as has the kinds of information they have conveyed. Topics that invite exploration include postal administration; scheduling; censorship, surveillance, and privacy; rationales for postal policy; challenges to the postal monopoly; and the shifting meaning of the equal access ideal. To promote the widest possible exchange of ideas, and to encourage transnational comparisons, we have solicited contributions from the period prior to 1800, and from specialists in countries other than Great Britain, France, and the United States. Participants Location and time: Room 8 Main Building, 21 August 14.30-18.00 SESSION 108 Economic History and Landscape History: Cultural Landscapes, Subsistence and the Market in Pre-industrial Europe Organisers Chris Dyer, Prof., University of Leicester, United Kingdom Erik Thoen, Prof., Gent University, Belgium Dries Tys, Dr., University of Brussels, Belgium Address Chris C. Dyer University of Leicester School of Historical Studies Marc Fitch House, Room 25 Leicester, United Kingdom tel.: +44 116 252 27 65 e-mail: cd50@le.ac.uk Abstract Economic historians should not neglect landscape history (the study of the ‘cultural landscape’ or the ‘man-made landscape’), as they have tended to do since the 1980s. Historical geography has remained an active discipline, and has revived itself with a new, more cultural and less deterministic approach. Archaeology has become more active in the study of landscape, and sites are now interpreted in their landscape context, using scientific analysis of the plant and animal remains of past environments. Also since the 1980s, the landscape is a study object within Environmental history, a relatively new independent multidisciplinary research field studying the relation between men and nature as a whole. These new trends often take work on the landscape away from the social sciences, and this separation is unfortunate. After all, landscape can be seen as an interactive medium with social, economical, cultural and political processes and agencies, instead of just a deterministic physical framework. This session is designed to reactivate the link between landscape history and social and economic history. The landscape provided the context within which society and economy developed, and was in turn moulded by the creative urges of people to adapt nature to their needs, within the limitations of the environment and human institutions. This session proposes to examine: 1. The extent to which the physical landscape determined social and economic structures. 2. The impact of social structures on the cultural landscape, such as settlements, agricultural systems and communications, as for example is suggested by regional comparisons. Participants
Location and time: Room 14 Metsätalo building, 24 August 14.00-17.30 SESSION 109 Protectionism, Market Regulations and Free Trade in Latin America and the Caribbean: The Development of the Sugar International Market, 1930-2000 Organisers Horacio Crespo, Prof., Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Mexico Oscar Zanetti, Prof., Academia de Ciencias de Cuba, Cuba Guy Pierre, Prof., Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Mexico Address Horacio Crespo Facultad de Humanidades Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos Avda. Universidad 1001 Colonia Chamilpa Cuernavaca, Mor. CP 62210, Mexico tel.: +54 55 5658 4993 fax: +54 777 329 7082 e-mail: chcrespo@prodigy.net.mx Abstract The debate on protectionism against trade opening as well as the effect of agricultural subsidies applied by developed countries on the economies of developing ones is a hot topic in the political agenda of Latin America and the Caribbean. This discussion has been at the heart of the fundamental decisions on policy-making and on regional economic models since 1930. Sugar, an important commodity in international trade and a critical one for many of the economies of the region, is a fruitful point of entry to study this debate and its implications. The world sugar market has gone through numerous structural changes since 1930. The system founded in the 1930s was based on the regulation of sugar markets through a system of imperial preferences, structured by participation quotas "agreed" in the "world market" or established by American laws in the "American market". This system minimized actual "free trade" operations. Since 1980, this situation based on national political considerations rather than on a strictly economic rationality became highly unstable and hence questioned in the political sphere. Currently is in the process of being radically transformed in the context of the European Union and the United States. The outcome of these negotiations will indeed have an impact on the Latin American region. Participants Location and time: Room 12 Main Building, 22 August 14.00-17.30 Back to top SESSION 110 Tools of Trade. The Organization of International Commerce in Late Medieval European Cities Organisers Peter Stabel, Prof., University of Antwerp, Belgium Jim M. Murray, Prof., University of Cincinnati, USA Jim Bolton, Prof., Queen Mary - University of London, United Kingdom Address Peter Stabel University of Antwerp Department of History Centre for Urban History Prinsstraat 13 (room D124) 2000 Antwerp, Belgium tel.: +32 3220 4260 e-mail: peter.stabel@ua.ac.be Abstract The late Medieval period is generally considered as s period of instability in Europe. Maritime trade, however, flourished and replaced to a large extent transcontinental routes. Commercial meeting points profited from such developments, and cities as Bruges, London and Lübeck in Northern, and Venice and Genoa in Mediterranean Europe were able to attract and sometimes even monopolise particular flows through various staple privileges. City governments and urban elites, the rising states, but also the merchants and financiers themselves created new or adapted existing institutions and commercial tools in order to adjust to changing circumstances. This surprisingly complex mix of innovation and continuity stimulated trade in this difficult period, but laid also the foundations of growth in the beginning of the Early Modern Period. This session wants to compare and assess the different tools that international commerce developed in order to organise in an efficient way trade and cut transaction costs. It wants to measure and compare the organisation and infrastructure of gateway trade in cities like Bruges and Venice (efficiency of staple privileges, seasonal fairs and permanent markets, impact of merchant guilds, arbitration and conflict solving capabilities, law merchant and enforcement of contracts) and the ways in which merchants and financiers found new possibilities or changed existing ones in this organisational framework (accountancy, financial techniques, transport, firms, network trade) Participants Location and time: Room 8 Main Building, 23 August 9.00-12.30 SESSION 111 Countering Containment: East-West Economic Relations and Partnerships under the Cold War Organisers Luciano Segreto, Prof., Universitá di Firenze, Italy Jacqueline McGlade, Prof., University of Northern Iowa, USA Jari Ojala, Prof., University of Jyväskylä, Finland Address Luciano Segreto Dipartimento di Studi sullo Stato Universitá di Firenze Via Laura, 48 I-50121 Firenze, Italy tel.: +39 55 2757011 fax: +39 55 2345486 e-mail: segreto@studistato.unifi.it Abstract Re-cast through strategic trade controls, import-export restrictions, and other prohibitive trade measures, East-West economic relations were severely challenged under Cold War containment policies. While estimates of lost business revenues remain difficult to ascertain, government reports starting in the 1950s cited deep and dramatic dislocations in the pre-1939 arrangement of European, Russian and Asian markets and economic relations. Yet despite its impact on post-1945 world trading patterns, as scholar Michael Mastanduno has noted, the economic impact of containment has been "relatively understudied, as well as the long-term consequences of [Cold War economic] regulatory policies By organizing a proposed IEHA session in Helsinki in 2005, the East-West Trade Working Group, an international network of scholars, will present new research that has been conducted in European and American archives, which challenges former preconceptions related to containment, particularly its impact on Western economies, market re-alignments, and business activities as re-ordered by Cold War trade controls. The session will also allow for a joint dialogue and greater networking between the IEHA Panel "Economic Relations, the Cold War and Neutrality: Central and Southeast Europe" presenters and the East-West Trade Working Group, as arranged by Profs. Segreto and Teichova. The panel will also aid in attracting new members to the network for future conferences and publications. Participants
Location and time: Aud XIV Main Building, 22 August 9.00-12.30 SESSION 112 Government Debts and Financial Markets in Europe, 16th-20th Centuries Organisers Pierre-Cyrille Hautcoeur, Prof., Université de Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne, France Michael North, Prof., Ernst-Moritz-Arndt Universität, Germany Fausto Piola Caselli, Prof., University of Cassino, Italy José Ignacio Andrés Ucendo, Prof., Universidad del Pais Vasco, Spain Address Fausto Piola Caselli Facoltà di Economia Università di Cassino La Folcara I-03043 Cassino (FR), Italy tel.: +39 776 302307 fax: +39 776 302312 e-mail: piola@eco.unicas.it Abstract The aim of the session is to analyse the relationships between government indebtedness and the development of financial markets in the long run. From the Middle Ages, some urban and central governments began to raise money through borrowing more frequently than earlier. Governors had two ways before them: either addressing specialists (money-changers, merchants, bankers) or by involving citizens and taxpayers, who can be considered as forced lenders. The former method was initiated and largely exploited by princes and kings, while the latter was typical of urban governments. The two methods suggest institutions are not entirely responsive to real economic forces but are shaped to a considerable degree by the cultural political makeup of a society. Similarities, differences and interactions between the two systems must be analysed by providing examples from modern and contemporary Europe. Governments bonds became marketable and so they were traded in financial markets. It is likely that the growing efficiency of markets allowed governments to raise ever-increasing quantities of money at moderate cost. With funding for long-term debt markets for government debt broadened and deepened. Furthermore, from the Bank of England onward, different attempts were made to create national financial institutions attracting resources toward government debt. With the growth of a capital market that made government debt liquid, investors became readier to turn away from investment in land as the only safe asset. Participants Location and time: Room 6 Metsätalo building, 23 August 9.00-12.30 and 14.00-17.30 SESSION 113 Outsourcing in Historical Perspective: The Trade-Off between Internal and External Expertise Organisers Christopher McKenna, Dr., University of Oxford, United Kingdom Isabelle Lescent-Giles, Dr., Université de Paris-Sorbonne, France Address Christopher McKenna Said Business School University of Oxford Park End Street Oxford OX1 1HP, United Kingdom tel.: +44 1865 277845 fax: +44 1865 277831 e-mail: chris.mckenna@sbs.ox.ac.uk Abstract How far can one outsource non-essential functions without putting the company’s existence at risk? The traditional trade-off between "make or buy", famously analysed by Ronald Coase, has been extended to seemingly endless fields, from logistics and call centers to front-office professional services. Yet, this was not always the pattern. In Alfred Chandler's work on the emergence of giant American corporations, he argued that executives sought to internalize an increasing array of activities. Recently, the pendulum has swung to the opposite extreme and corporate critics have begun to question what remains of the "core competence" of the corporation once you've peeled away every layer. Is this the inevitable future (or even the true history of past)? In particular, the session will focus on three key issues: (1) how common has outsourcing been since the first industrial revolution, (2) what are the economic gains versus the dangers of outsourcing, and (3) how does outsourcing work in practice and what can history teach us about it? This session will look at outsourcing (both structural and geographic) as a historical phenomenon in order to go beyond the stylized models of the "Chandlerian" firm of the 1960s and the "virtual corporation" of twenty first century. Participants William Becker, George Washington University (USA) Albert Carreras, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (Spain) Luis Galambos, Johns Hopkins University (USA) Eric Godelier, Ecole Polytechnique (France) Leslie Hannah, University of Tokyo (Japan) Mari Sako, University of Oxford (United Kingdom) Harm Schröter, Bergen University (Norway) John Wilson, University of Central Lancashire (United Kingdom) Location and time: Aud XII Main Building, 24 August 9.00-12.30 SESSION 114 A Maritime Girdle of Commerce: Asian Seaborne Trade 10th-13th Centuries Organiser Geoff Wade, Dr., National University of Singapore, Singapore Address Geoff Wade Asia Research Institute The Shaw Foundation Building Block AS7, Level 4 5 Arts Link, Singapore 117570 tel.: +65 6874 4562 fax: +65 6779 1428 e-mail: arigpw@nus.edu.sg Abstract The maritime trade routes linking the eastern and western end of the Eurasian continent have been conduits of commerce for at least 2,000 years. In the early centuries of the Common Era, Roman, Persian, Arab, Indian, Austronesian and East Asian merchants traded between the entrêpots which stretched along this "girdle of commerce", connecting what we now know as the Middle East with markets in South and East Asia. With the advent of Islam, many of the major Middle Eastern ports saw increasing direct or semi-direct trade with the ports of Southeast Asia and China. By the 10th century, we have evidence of strong Arab trade networks extending from the Arab lands, through South Asia, the ports of Srivijaya and Champa, into the trading systems which connected the markets around the East China Sea. Over the following four centuries, we can observe a convergence of regional sea trade cycles - in the South China Sea and the Indian Ocean. Together with the mercantilist reforms under the Song dynasty in China, which promoted maritime trade, it can be said that the period saw an Asian trade boom. New polities emerged in Southeast Asia, while the capitals of older states moved nearer to the ocean to profit from tax on trade, the great Fujian port of Quanzhou flourished, some standardised coinage appeared, a broader range of commodities appeared in maritime commerce, more frequent trade missions are recorded, and in various parts of Asia, private consumption replaced public consumption. This session will be examining Asian maritime trade over this key period, looking at the nature, the mechanisms and the periodization of this trade, the impetus for change, the trade routes and entrêpots which emerged, the trade commodities and changes therein, as well as maritime and navigational technologies employed in the maritime trading economy. For the abstracts please see the following link. Participants
Location and time: Room 14 Main Building, 23 August 9.00-12.30 and 14.00-17.30 SESSION 115 New Approaches to the History of Work Organiser Jürgen Kocka, Prof. Dr., Free University of Berlin, Germany Address Jürgen Kocka Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung Reichpietschufer 50 10785 Berlin, Germany tel.: +49 30 25491 501/503 fax: +49 30 25491 514 e-mail: prokocka@zedat.fu-berlin.de Abstract While the history of workers and labour is a well researched field, the history of work is not. One aim of the session is to help structuring the history of work as a field for broad comparative research. Another aim is to present new empirical research in the field. The changing meanings (definitions, boundaries, social and cultural functions) of work in Europe from the early modern to the late modern period as well as in different cultures constitute the central problematique. The session stresses two axes of comparison and entanglement. (I) Continuity and change from the early modern to the late modern period in Europe. On this there will be two general papers by Jürgen Kocka and Josef Ehmer as well as a specialized paper by Jan Lucassen on wage labour, payment forms and coin circulation. (II) In a very selective discussion we would look on Europe and Asia in the 19th and 20th centuries. Sebastian Conrad will compare cultures of work in Japan and Europe. Nandini Gooptu will discuss practices and meanings of work in Calcutta (India), under the impact of globalization. A general comment by Mamadou Diawara, anthropologist and historian, will start the general discussion. Participants
Location and time: Room 1 Metsätalo building, 24 August 14.00-17.30 SESSION 116 A Global History of Income Distribution in the Long XXth Century Organisers Luis Bértola, Prof., Universidad de la República, Uruguay Jan Luiten van Zanden, Prof., Utrecht University, The Netherlands Address Luis Bértola Facultad de Ciencias Sociales Universidad de la República 18 de Julio 1968 C.P. 11200, Montevideo, Uruguay tel.: +598 2 4180956/241 fax: +598 2 4122401 e-mail: lbertola@fcsum.edu.uy Abstract The session will bring together scholars working on the field of income distribution and growth since the 1870s. The purpose of the session is to encourage national and regional studies on income distribution in the long run in order to build an international data base of estimates of income distribution and estimate the long term trend in global income distribution, and finally to discuss the relation between income distribution and growth at a global and regional level. The international discussion on income distribution and growth faces a number of shortcomings. The convergence/divergence debate is concerned with how average income levels of different countries evolved, while domestic changes in income distribution are neglected. Cross-section analysis of international data pairs of income distribution and per capita GDP levels tend to ignore differences in per capita GDP levels between countries. And the debate on the relationship between growth and inequality is still inconclusive, amongst other because of the limitations of the currently available data. Our goal is to construct a global database, which avoids the shortcomings of the above-mentioned methodologies. A recent attempt by Bourguignon and Morrison shows that a lot of work has to be done by economic historians before the results are somewhat satisfactory and reliable. In particular studies documenting the long term development of income inequality in Asia, Africa and Latin-America are still lacking; the session will therefore try to focus as much as possible on these parts of the world. Participants
Location and time: Room 5 Main Building, 24 August 9.00-12.30 and 14.00-17.30 SESSION 117 Market Organisation and the Selling of Wines throughout History Organisers David Hancock, Dr., University of Michigan, USA James Simpson, Dr., Universidad Carlos III, Spain Address James Simpson Dept. de Historia Económica Universidad Carlos III de Madrid C/ Madrid, 126 Getafe, 28903, Spain e-mail: james.simpson@uc3m.es Abstract The purpose of this session is to consider how the organisation of the wine trade has changed over time, how merchants responded to the changing tastes of consumers, and why some wine regions were more successful in developing new markets and remaining competitive than others. Wine is a difficult commodity to transport as it is bulky, can be easily spoilt, and is difficult to classify. Moreover, as a luxury item, wine is constantly prey to shifts in consumer fashions, some of which are prompted by producers, but some of which originate with consumers. Merchants were faced with a number of problems, including the fact that harvests often varied significantly in size and quality, and the development of a successful commodity always brought in its wake the appearance of large numbers of imitations. Historically, a variety of informal and formal methods have been used to resolved problems of asymmetrical information associated with the selling of wine, including personal reputation, state marketing bodies, self-regulation by growers and merchants, and the use of brands. As a result, international commodity chains that link growers with consumers have often looked very different. The organisers of this session expect that most papers will deal with some aspect of the international wine market between 1650 and 1950, but are happy to accept relevant papers on the organisation and responsiveness of long-distance trade for domestic markets, or for different historical periods. Participants
Location and time: Room 12 Main Building, 22 August 9.00-12.30 SESSION 118 International Petroleum in the 20th Century: The Evolving Interrelationships between Production, Markets, Ownership, Labor and Governments Organisers Jonathan C. Brown, Prof., University of Texas at Austin, USA David S. Painter, Prof., Georgetown University, USA Address Jonathan C. Brown Department of History University of Texas at Austin Austin, TX 787321, USA tel.: +1 512 475 7218 e-mail: jcbrown@mail.utexas.edu Abstract At a general level, most people recognize that oil has been an important factor in the history of the 20th century. These papers will demonstrate in concrete detail that studying the dynamic interaction between states and markets in the international oil industry provides a new and productive way to understand recent history. The key theme unifying the various papers is the changing relationships between states and markets in the international oil industry. Although states have always been involved in shaping the environment in which markets operate, the role of states has been especially prominent in the international oil industry due to the economic and military importance of oil in the 20th century, the location of oil reserves in politically unstable and geo-politically contested areas, and the structural characteristics of the oil industry. The papers will examine how the interaction between public policies and corporate concerns played out in practice in different areas of the world and in different time frames. All the papers will take an interdisciplinary approach, combining business, economic, political, diplomatic, military, and social history. They will draw on research in public and private papers, a wide range of secondary sources, and the insights of economic analysis. Participants Location and time: F211 Topelia building, 23 August 14.00-17.30 SESSION 119 Transforming Public Enterprises: Networks, Integration and Transnationalisation Organisers Francisco Comín, Prof., Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Spain Daniel Díaz Fuentes, Prof., Universidad de Cantabria, Spain Judith Clifton, Prof., Universidad de Oviedo, Spain Address Francisco Comín Universidad de Alcalá Facultad de Ciencias Económicas Pza. de la Victoria 2 28802 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain tel.: +34 915777909 fax: +34 915755641 e-mail: francisco.comin@uah.es or COMINCO@telefonica.net Abstract Multinational firms and public enterprises are usually perceived as organisations evolving in separate, not to say antagonistic, economic and ideological spheres. During the interwar period and the years following the end of WWII, many firms were nationalised, partly, in order to limit the influence of multinationals over the national economy. In the recent period, privatisation has been accompanied by a significant return of the transnational firm in many national economies. Among them, an important newcomer has emerged: the public enterprise itself. State companies from developed countries compete with private firms to obtain markets or enterprises available through deregulation or privatisation all over the world, especially in the developing world. Their financial and technical background gives them important advantages over the private sector. A new, complex relationship is henceforth being developed between the private and public spheres, in spite the ongoing debate opposing them. Of particular interest to this session are the public enterprises in transnational networks – energy (electricity, gas, etc.), water, transport, communications (post, telecommunications, broadcasting), and other essential services, which have undergone all these transformations. Participants
Location and time: Aud XII Main Building, 22 August 14.00-17.30 Back to top SESSION 120 Industrial Companies and the Built Environment in the High-Industrial Period Organisers Maths Isacson, Prof., Uppsala University, Sweden Anja Kervanto Nevanlinna, Dr., University of Helsinki, Finland Address Anja Kervanto Nevanlinna Department of Art History University of Helsinki PO Box 3, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland e-mail: anja.nevanlinna@helsinki.fi Abstract The aim of this session is to discuss the relationship between the industrial companies and the built environment during the so-called high-industrial period, a distinct phase during the 20th century when the large-scale industrial model also became the ideal for the whole society. The beginning and end of the period as well as its depth and degree varied in different societies. In industrialized countries, however, the high-industrial discourse extended beyond the economic and technological into other aspects of society, and affected the transformation of cities and the built environment. During the high-industrial period, the industrial companies were an important driving force in constructing the modern society. Planning and efficiency were seen as politically and culturally important both for individuals and for the society. Industrial practices, combined with political ideas and planning, altered social structures, ways of life, worldviews, and values. The future was projected into the vision of an ideal industrial society with the industrial-rational citizens living in their modern urban homes. The modern large industrial company was therefore one of the central institutions of modern society. Possible issues of interest include: Is the concept of high-industrial period, with the efficient industrial model as an ideal for the industrial companies and the society as a whole, fruitful in respect to the developed industrial countries in East and West? How did industrial companies actually influence the built environment? How did industrial companies and the industrial culture construct and transform cultural identities? To what extent was the role of industry seen not only as useful, but also as beautiful, the ideal image for a modern society and contemporary ways of life? What kind of resistance occurred against this rational industrial model and how far did it limit its penetration of the industrial companies and the societies? Participants
Location and time: Room 12 Metsätalo building, 23 August 14.00-17.30 SESSION 121 Islam and Economic Performance Organisers Avner Greif, Prof., Stanford University, USA Timur Kuran, Prof., University of Southern California, USA Address Timur Kuran University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA 90089-0253, USA Tel.: +1 213 740 2102 E-mail: kuran@usc.edu Abstract This session features eight papers dealing with historical connections between Islam and economic performance. Two of the papers address the role that Islamic institutions played in the development and operation of merchant networks. A third explores why the corporation did not develop from within Islamic law, and a related fourth paper asks whether the nineteenth century saw a jurisprudential shift in relation to commerce. All of the first four papers focus on private economic activity. The fifth through seventh papers turn attention to the state. Two papers deal with various forms of taxation, and another with the use of waqfs as a vehicle for delivering public goods and subsidizing selected activities. The final paper addresses the issue of technological creativity within the early modern Islamic world. Participants Location and time: Room 14 Main Building, 22 August 9.00-12.30 SESSION 122 Progress, Stasis, and Crisis: Demographic and Economic Developments in England and beyond AD c.1000-c.1800 Organiser Bruce M. S. Campbell, Prof., The Queen’s University of Belfast, United Kingdom Address Bruce M. S. Campbell School of Geography The Queen’s University of Belfast Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom tel.: +44 28 9097 3345 e-mail: b.m.campbell@qub.ac.uk Abtract Significant efforts have recently been made to measure demographic and economic developments both in the long-run, i.e. since c.1000 AD, and comparatively between countries and regions. Particular attention has been paid to England due to its status as the world’s first industrial nation but also because of the exceptional quality and chronological span of its historical records. The Domesday Survey offers a precocious window onto the English economy in 1086, providing the earliest securely documented historical opportunity to estimate the size and socio-economic composition of the population, calculate the value of the national income, and reconstruct regional variations in economic activity. Against this critical benchmark all subsequent development can be measured. Then, from the 1170s annual price series become available and, from the 1210s, annual wage series, together providing the basis for estimating variations in real wages and the cost of living over 8 centuries. The session aims to review and take stock of this recent research on England, taking due account of medieval as well as post-medieval developments. They will also be evaluated within a wider, international comparative framework, since any conclusions about England naturally bear upon the quickening debate about the degree of convergence and divergence between individual European and Asian economies during the centuries prior to 1800. Rather than commission new papers, the session will focus upon key recent research in print, forthcoming, in the pipeline, and in progress by leading participants in the debate. In common with all other sessions at the congress, the session will be in two parts of 90 minutes each. To maximise the opportunity for discussion between participants, each part will be in the form of a symposium, led by a chairman with contributions from a team of panellists. The papers will not themselves be presented. Instead, they will be posted in advance on the congress website. Participants Location and time: Aud XII Main Building, 25 August 14.00-17.30 SESSION 123 Famines in History Organisers Cormac O'Grada, Prof., University College Dublin, Ireland Eric Vanhaute, Prof., Ghent University, Belgium Address Cormac O'Grada Department of Economics University College Dublin Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland tel.: +353 1 716 8305 fax: +353 1 283 0068 e-mail: cormac.ograda@ucd.ie Abstract The twentieth century witnessed both some of history's most murderous famines and, arguably, the eradication of famine throughout most of the globe. Some twentieth-century famines were 'traditional' or 'biblical' in their scope and character, while others were the distinctive products of twentieth-century ideologies. Improvements in medical, food, and transport technology influenced the incidence and the demography of famines. More than ever before, local famines became global media events. The organisers invite papers on famine history that pay attention to the comparative dimension across space and over time. Topics of interest include: the changing character of famines in peasant societies; the frequency and demographic impact of famine in the past; markets (for food and credit) and famines; famine relief, public action, NGOs, agency; climate, weather, and famine; famines and socialism. Participants
Location and time: Room 12 Main Building, 25 August 9.00-12.30 SESSION 124 Debates and Controversies in History of Economic Thought Organisers Ma. Eugenia Romero Sotelo, Dr., Facultad de Economía - UNAM (Mexico) Walther L. Bernecker, Dr., Universidad Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany Address Ma. Eugenia Romero Sotelo López Cotilla Núm. 1805. Col. del Valle Del. Benito Juárez, México, D. F. tel.: +52 56221798 fax: +52 56160814 e-mail: meugenia.romero@servidor.unam.mx Abstract This symposium is open to academics who research History of Economic Thought and focus on the study, through history, of public politics' debates and controversies. We aim to bring light on economic thought's historical process and evolution in different societies. Debate and controversy must be the thread by which the paper and lecture are constructed. Participants Location and time: Room 7 Main Building, 23 August 9.00-12.30 Back to top |